值未初始化为c中的变量

问题描述

这是我制作的程序:

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
    //Put variables here
    int space = 0;
    int num_of_rows = 0;
    int p = 1;
    int t = 0;
    char alphabet[100] = {'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};

    get_and_validate_user_input(num_of_rows);
    printf(" The number of rows are : %d",num_of_rows);
}

void get_and_validate_user_input(int num_of_rows)
{
    //Input validation
    while (1)
    {
        printf("Enter the number of rows : ");
        //Getting the input from the user
        scanf("%d",&num_of_rows);

        if (num_of_rows <= 0)
        {
            printf("Negative numbers are not allowed here \n");
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }
}

预期输入: 输入行数:5

预期的输出: 行数是:5

但是从我的代码输出显示错误。它显示:行数为:0

现在我的问题是:我的程序做错了什么?我该如何解决这个问题?

解决方法

您的问题是 get_and_validate_user_input 修改了 local 变量 num_of_rows =>值保持为 main 0 >

如果您还希望从 get_and_validate_user_input 中修改 num_of_rows ,请按地址而不是按值提供它,例如(未使用的变量已注释,请修改 get_and_validate_user_input中的检查与消息兼容):

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void get_and_validate_user_input(int * num_of_rows);

int 
main(void){
  //Put variables here
  //int space=0;
  int num_of_rows=0;
  //int p=1;
  //int t=0;
  //char alphabet[100]={'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};
  
  get_and_validate_user_input(&num_of_rows);
  printf(" The number of rows is : %d\n",num_of_rows);
  return 0;
 }

void get_and_validate_user_input(int * num_of_rows){
  //Input validation
  while(1){
    printf("Enter the number of rows : ");
    //Getting the input from the user
    if (scanf("%d",num_of_rows) != 1) {
      int c;

      puts("Invalid input");
      // invalid input,bypass all the line
      while ((c = getchar()) != '\n') {
        if (c == EOF) {
          puts("EOF,abort");
          exit(-1);
        }
      }
    }
    else if(*num_of_rows < 0){ // 0 seems allowed,else update message
      printf("Negative numbers are not allowed here \n");
    }
    else {
      break;
    }
  }
}

编译和执行:

/tmp % gcc -Wall c.c
/tmp % ./a.out
Enter the number of rows : 12
 The number of rows is : 12
/tmp % ./a.out
Enter the number of rows : aze
Invalid input
Enter the number of rows : -2
Negative numbers are not allowed here 
Enter the number of rows : 12
 The number of rows is : 12
/tmp % 
,

编译器看不到调用点

get_and_validate_user_input(num_of_rows);

如何声明函数get_and_validate_user_input。因此,编译器发出一条消息。它期望该函数默认情况下具有返回类型int,但是当遇到函数定义时,它将看到返回类型为void

将函数声明放置在main之前。

函数中未使用传递的参数的值

void get_and_validate_user_input(int num_of_rows){
    //...
    //Getting the input from the user
    scanf("%d",&num_of_rows);
    //...

函数参数num_of_rows是函数的局部变量,该变量由传递的参数的值初始化。因此,更改局部变量不会影响原始参数。

您可以像这样声明和定义函数

int get_and_validate_user_input( void )
{
    int num_of_rows = 0;

    //Input validation
    while (1)
    {
        printf("Enter the number of rows : ");
        //Getting the input from the user
        scanf("%d",&num_of_rows);

        if (num_of_rows <= 0)
        {
            printf("Negative numbers are not allowed here \n");
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    return num_of_rows;
}

并像main一样调用它

num_of_rows = get_and_validate_user_input();