如何在仅包含键的向后引用的有序字典中最小化距离?

问题描述

我有一个有序字典,其中包含对字典中其他元素的非周期性引用:

from collections import OrderedDict
ug = OrderedDict(a=[],b=['e'],c=['a','b'],d=['a'],e=[])

现在我想

  1. 对字典进行排序,以使引用仅指向每个键之前的键,并且
  2. 最小化有序词典中的“参考距离”。

下面显示了这种距离函数的样子:

def distance(g):
    total_distance = 0
    ordered = True
    for i,i_key in enumerate(list(g)):
        for j_index,j_key in enumerate(g[i_key]):
            j = list(g).index(j_key)
            print(str(j_key) + ' -> ' + str(i_key) + ' = ' + str(i) + ' - ' + str(j) + ' = ' + str(i-j))
            total_distance += i - j
            if (i < j):
                ordered = False
    
    if ordered:
        print('total_distance: ' + str(total_distance) + '\n')
        return (total_distance)
    else:
        print('not in order\n')
        return None

以下是测试的原始列表:

ug = OrderedDict(a=[],e=[])
distance(ug)

给予

e -> b = 1 - 4 = -3
a -> c = 2 - 0 = 2
b -> c = 2 - 1 = 1
a -> d = 3 - 0 = 3
not in order

这是两个仅具有向后引用的新命令:

og1 = OrderedDict(e=[],a=[],'b'])
distance(og1)

og2 = OrderedDict(a=[],e=[],'b'])
distance(og2)

会产生

a -> d = 2 - 1 = 1
e -> b = 3 - 0 = 3
a -> c = 4 - 1 = 3
b -> c = 4 - 3 = 1
total_distance: 8

a -> d = 1 - 0 = 1
e -> b = 3 - 2 = 1
a -> c = 4 - 0 = 4
b -> c = 4 - 3 = 1
total_distance: 7

如何在订购仅包含对键的反向引用的字典时最小化这种总距离?无需坚持使用OrderedDict数据结构。另外,如果证明其他一些数据结构更简洁,则'a','b',...,'e'键可以简单地表示为数字。

解决方法

一个可选的解决方案可以是:

  • 创建给定OrderDict的所有可能排列,

  • map每个元素具有您提供的用于测量距离的功能,

  • 过滤所有None,这意味着它们不满足后退条件 参考

  • 最终选择带来最小距离的排列

实现:

def distance(g):
    total_distance = 0
    ordered = True
    for i,i_key in enumerate(list(g)):
        for j_index,j_key in enumerate(g[i_key]):
            # print(j_key)
            j = list(g).index(j_key)
            # print(str(j_key) + ' -> ' + str(i_key) + ' = ' + str(i) + ' - ' + str(j) + ' = ' + str(i-j))
            total_distance += i - j
            if (i < j):
                ordered = False
    
    if ordered:
        # print('total_distance: ' + str(total_distance) + '\n')
        return total_distance
    else:
        # print('not in order\n')
        return None

from collections import OrderedDict
import itertools
ug = OrderedDict(a=[],b=['e'],c=['a','b'],d=['a'],e=[])

all_permutations = list(itertools.permutations(ug.items()))
all_permutations = [OrderedDict(item) for item in all_permutations]
mapped = map(distance,all_permutations)
mapped = [(item,iter) for iter,item in enumerate(mapped) if item is not None]
minimal_permutation = min(list(mapped))
print("minimal distance is: " + str(minimal_permutation[0]))
print(all_permutations[minimal_permutation[1]])

输出:

minimal distance is: 6
OrderedDict([('e',[]),('b',['e']),('a',('c',['a','b']),('d',['a'])])

请注意,此解决方案存在风险,因为排列的数量可能因len(ug)而异,但是另一方面,我无法找到另一种方法来找到最佳排列,而无需逐一检查他们至少一次。

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