安装CocoaPods时出错-macOS BigSur

编程问答 2022-06-10

问题描述

我正在学习编程，并且尝试安装Cocoapods，但是sudo gem install cocoapods出现错误。

这就是我得到的：

    Building native extensions. This Could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.13.1/ext/ffi_c
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/ruby -I /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20201006-615-fryp4a.rb extconf.rb
checking for ffi.h... *** extconf.rb Failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason,probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --with-ffi_c-dir
    --without-ffi_c-dir
    --with-ffi_c-include
    --without-ffi_c-include=${ffi_c-dir}/include
    --with-ffi_c-lib
    --without-ffi_c-lib=${ffi_c-dir}/lib
    --enable-system-libffi
    --disable-system-libffi
    --with-libffi-config
    --without-libffi-config
    --with-pkg-config
    --without-pkg-config
/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:467:in `try_do': The compiler Failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `block in try_compile'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:534:in `with_werror'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:585:in `try_compile'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1109:in `block in have_header'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:959:in `block in checking_for'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block (2 levels) in postpone'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:361:in `block in postpone'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:331:in `open'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:357:in `postpone'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:958:in `checking_for'
    from /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/2.6.0/mkmf.rb:1108:in `have_header'
    from extconf.rb:10:in `system_libffi_usable?'
    from extconf.rb:42:in `<main>'

To see why this extension Failed to compile,please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-20/2.6.0/ffi-1.13.1/mkmf.log

extconf Failed,exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/gems/ffi-1.13.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0/extensions/universal-darwin-20/2.6.0/ffi-1.13.1/gem_make.out

我知道有一行写着“您必须首先安装开发工具”，一开始确实是这样。然后，我安装了Xcode命令行工具（由于xcode-select --install行不起作用，我不得不从Apple Developer手动下载它），然后尝试再次安装cocoapods。但是即使重新启动后，我也遇到同样的错误。

它也有日志的路由，这就是它的意思：

package configuration for libffi is not found
"xcrun clang -o conftest -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/universal-darwin20 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -D_XOPEN_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE -D_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT -D_REENTRANT    -g -Os -pipe -DHAVE_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS -DUSE_FFI_CLOSURE_ALLOC conftest.c  -L. -L/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib -L. -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.Internal.sdk/usr/local/lib     -lruby.2.6   "
In file included from conftest.c:1:
In file included from /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby.h:33:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:24:10: Fatal error: 'ruby/config.h' file not found
#include "ruby/config.h"
         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/ruby.h:24:10: note: did not find header 'config.h' in framework 'ruby' (loaded from '/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks')
1 error generated.
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2: 
3: int main(int argc,char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

所以，我被困住了。 我目前正在使用macOS Big Sur Beta 9和Xcode 12.0.1（非Beta版）。

解决方法

XCode 的 ruby​​ 框架似乎有问题。使用最新版本干净地重新安装 Xcode.app，运行 xcode-select --install 或 --select 对我不起作用。

这是我设法让它与 XCode 12.2 和 Catalina (10.15.7) 一起运行的方法：https://stackoverflow.com/a/65481787/1534182

TL;DR)

cd /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby
ln -sf ../../../../Headers/ruby/config.h

cd /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/include/ruby-2.6.0
ln -sf universal-darwin20 universal-darwin19

（编辑符号链接中的固定错字）

,

通过在macOS Big Sur上将Xcode升级到12.2来解决。

然后运行：

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

浪费了5个小时，因为我认为这是宝石的问题。

Success install cocoapods

,

好，今天我终于能够成功安装Cocoapods，但这是一个奇怪的过程。

学习时，人们通常会告诉您不要使用beta，而当我在Xcode的AppStore稳定版本中时，我正在运行Big Sur B9；那可能就是问题所在。 我完全卸载了Xcode 12.0.1，然后从Apple Developer Xcode 12.2 beta下载了。然后，我也下载并安装了12.2 beta版的命令行工具，并再次在终端机中运行了cocoapods安装……瞧！

在安装并运行Xcode beta之后，我可以安装并正常运行了。 也许当BigSur上市时，这将得到解决吗？因为不是每个人都需要或必须运行Xcode beta版本。

,

我遇到了完全相同的问题

$ sudo gem install cocoapods
...
checking for ffi.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason,probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.
...

通过将ruby版本升级到2.7.2修复。 https://stackoverflow.com/a/65033418/4982169

的积分

我使用rbenv管理红宝石版本。

,

或者如果你已经安装了可可豆荚就运行

brew 安装 cocoapods

显示一些警告信息后

Warning: cocoapods 1.10.1 is already installed,it's just not linked.

要链接此版本，请运行： brew link cocoapods 或

brew link --overwrite cocoapods

这对我真的很有帮助。谢谢

,

这对我有用：

https://github.com/CocoaPods/CocoaPods/issues/10286#issuecomment-747512270

引用：

  • 从 Apple Developer Downloads 下载命令行工具 11.5
  • sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
  • 从 .dmg/.pkg 安装命令行工具
  • sudo xcode-select --switch /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
  • [sudo] gem install [--user-install] cocoapods
  • sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
,

高于溶胶。可能适用于每个人，也可能不适用于每个人，但请确保交叉检查命令行工具。它必须设置而不是空白。

enter image description here

,

将默认的 Xcode 命令行工具从 12.4 版切换到 11.7 版为我解决了这个问题。

我在 Catalina (10.15.7) 上安装了两个 Xcode 版本，所以我使用 Xcode 首选项（位置/命令行工具:) 进行了切换，在弹出菜单中选择“Xcode 11.7”。然后我退出 Xcode 并再次运行安装命令：

sudo gem install cocoapods

在我遇到相同的“缺少标题”错误之前，现在安装顺利进行。

命令行工具可以单独安装，无需自己安装Xcode。然后您将使用终端来切换版本。当前默认工具的路径由

返回 
xcode-select -p

和切换版本是使用

完成的 
sudo xcode-select -s {path-to-tools}

安装 CocoaPods 后，我切换回最新的命令行工具，并在我当前的一个项目上进行了“pod install”，成功而没有发生任何事故。所以早期的版本似乎只需要安装 CocoaPods，而不是它的操作。

cocoapodscocoapodscocoapodslibffimacosrubygemsrubygemsxcodexcodexcode