问题描述
在多线程上,这应该是一个简单的问题:https://leetcode.com/problems/print-in-order/ “ Foo的相同实例将传递给三个不同的线程。线程A将调用first(),线程B将调用second(),线程C将调用Third()。设计一种机制并将程序修改为确保second()在first()之后执行,third()在second()之后执行” 并且给出以下代码:
public Foo() {}
public void first(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException {
// printFirst.run() outputs "first". Do not change or remove this line.
printFirst.run();
}
public void second(Runnable printSecond) throws InterruptedException {
// printSecond.run() outputs "second". Do not change or remove this line.
printSecond.run();
}
public void third(Runnable printThird) throws InterruptedException {
// printThird.run() outputs "third". Do not change or remove this line.
printThird.run();
}
**似乎我可以使用Thread.join如下解决它,但是我不明白的是为什么他们将Runnable实例传递给每个方法,以及如何正确执行它,因为下面的代码将打印每条消息两次-一次是因为Thread.start()将调用相应的run()方法,一次是由于直接调用该方法。我知道这样做是错误的方法,但是如果我们尝试使用join方法,就无法找出正确的解决方案。 **
public Foo() throws InterruptedException {
Runnable r1 = () -> {
System.out.println("first ");
};
first(r1);
Runnable r2 = () -> {
System.out.println("second ");
};
second(r2);
Runnable r3 = () -> {
System.out.println("third ");
};
third(r3);
Thread t1 = new Thread(r1);
t1.start();
try {
t1.join(); // wait for this thread to finish before starting #2
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.err.println("Thread 1 error");
}
Thread t2 = new Thread(r2);
t2.start();
try {
t2.join();
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.err.println("Thread 2 error");
}
Thread t3 = new Thread(r3);
t3.start();
try {
t3.join();
}
catch(Exception e) {
System.err.println("Thread 3 error");
}
}```
解决方法
Leetcode是针对代码挑战的,所以我们不应该提供完整的解决方案,因为那样对您来说就不是挑战。
所以这是一个提示:使用两个 CountDownLatch
对象,一个对象通知方法second()
方法first()
完成,另一个通知方法third()
方法second()
已完成。阅读documentation,了解如何使用它。
在阅读文档时,建议您阅读package documentation,以了解有关哪些功能可用于处理多线程代码的更多信息。
更新
为了更好地理解这一挑战,请假设Leetcode使用这样的类来测试Foo
类。
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Foo foo = new Foo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> call(foo::first,"first,"));
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> call(foo::second,"second,"));
Thread t3 = new Thread(() -> call(foo::third,"third."));
// Start threads out of order,with delay between them,giving each thread
// enough time to complete,if not adequately coded to ensure execution order.
t2.start();
Thread.sleep(500);
t3.start();
Thread.sleep(500);
t1.start();
// Wait for threads to complete
t2.join();
t3.join();
t1.join();
// At this point,the program output should be "first,second,third."
}
interface FooMethod {
public void call(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException;
}
private static void call(FooMethod method,String text) {
try {
method.call(() -> System.out.print(text));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
您无法修改此代码,因为该代码已对您隐藏。您必须以某种方式将代码添加到Foo
类中,以确保以正确的顺序调用3个Runnable
对象。
仅对这3个方法添加Thread.sleep()
调用是不正确的解决方案,因为无论下面的此测试可能在线程启动之间添加多长时间的延迟,此方法都应运行。
您必须使用某种线程同步功能,例如monitors,Locks或Synchronizers。
,一种更简单的方法是将Semaphore
与run
,acquire
,release
方法一起使用:
class Foo {
Semaphore runSecond;
Semaphore runThird;
public Foo() {
runSecond = new Semaphore(0);
runThird = new Semaphore(0);
}
public void first(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException {
printFirst.run();
runSecond.release();
}
public void second(Runnable printSecond) throws InterruptedException {
runSecond.acquire();
printSecond.run();
runThird.release();
}
public void third(Runnable printThird) throws InterruptedException {
runThird.acquire();
printThird.run();
}
}