FITS文件的坐标转换问题

问题描述

我已经在python中加载并绘制了FITS文件。 在上一篇文章的帮助下,我设法将轴从像素转换为天体坐标。但是我无法正确地以毫秒为单位获取它们。 代码如下

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import astropy.units as u
from astropy.wcs import WCS
from astropy.io import fits
from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filename

filename = get_pkg_data_filename('hallo.fits')


hdu = fits.open(filename)[0]
wcs = WCS(hdu.header).celestial
wcs.wcs.crval = [0,0]

plt.subplot(projection=wcs) 
plt.imshow(hdu.data[0][0],origin='lower') 
plt.xlim(200,800)
plt.ylim(200,800)
plt.xlabel('Relative R.A ()')
plt.ylabel('Relative Dec ()')
plt.colorbar()

输出看起来像

enter image description here

我不知道y标签被切掉是什么原因。

正如另一篇文章中所示,可以使用

wcs.wcs.ctype = [ 'XOFFSET','YOFFSET' ]

将其切换为毫秒,我得到

enter image description here

但是比例不正确!。 例如,0deg00min00.02sec应该是20 mas,而不是0.000002! 我在这里想念什么吗?

解决方法

看起来像光谱索引图。真好! 我认为问题可能在于FITS隐式地将度数用于CDELT之类的值。并且应将其明确转换为mas用于该图。 最直接的方法是将CDELT值乘以3.6e6,以将度转换为mas。 但是,如果您想在某个时候转换为不同的单位,则可以使用一种更通用的方法:

import astropy.units as u
w.wcs.cdelt = (w.wcs.cdelt * u.deg).to(u.mas)

因此,它基本上首先说CDELT的单位是度,然后将其转换为mas。

整个工作流程是这样的:

def make_transform(f):
    '''use already read-in FITS file object f to build pixel-to-mas transformation'''
    print("Making a transformation out of a FITS header")

    w = WCS(f[0].header)
    w = w.celestial
    
    w.wcs.crval = [0,0]
    w.wcs.ctype = [ 'XOFFSET','YOFFSET' ]
    w.wcs.cunit = ['mas','mas']
    w.wcs.cdelt = (w.wcs.cdelt * u.deg).to(u.mas)
    print(w.world_axis_units)
    return w

def read_fits(file):
    '''read fits file into object'''
    try:
        res =  fits.open(file)
        return res
    except:
        return None

def start_plot(i,df=None,w=None,xlim = [None,None],ylim=[None,None]):
    '''starts a plot and returns fig,ax .
    xlim,ylim - axes limits in mas
    '''
       
    # make a transformation
    # Using a dataframe
    if df is not None:
        w = make_transform_df(df)         
    # using a header    
    if w is not None:
        pass
    # not making but using one from the arg list
    else:
        w = make_transform(i)

#    print('In start_plot using the following transformation:\n {}'.format(w))


    fig = plt.figure()
    
    if w.naxis == 4:
        ax = plt.subplot(projection = w,slices = ('x','y',0 ))
    elif w.naxis == 2:
        ax = plt.subplot(projection = w)
        
    
    # convert xlim,ylim to coordinates of BLC and TRC,perform transformation,then return back to xlim,ylim in pixels
    if any(xlim) and any(ylim):
        xlim_pix,ylim_pix = limits_mas2pix(xlim,ylim,w)
        ax.set_xlim(xlim_pix)
        ax.set_ylim(ylim_pix)
        
    
    fig.add_axes(ax)  # note that the axes have to be explicitly added to the figure
    return fig,ax 


rm = read_fits(file)
wr = make_transform(rm)
fig,ax = start_plot(RM,w=wr,xlim = xlim,ylim = ylim)

然后仅用imshow或轮廓或其他内容绘制到轴ax上。 当然,可以减少这段代码来满足您的特定需求。

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