致命错误：cuda_runtime_api.h：尝试在Docker中使用cuda时没有此类文件或目录

问题描述

我正在尝试为要部署的python脚本构建docker映像。这是我第一次使用docker，所以我可能做错了什么，但我不知道该怎么办。

我的系统：

OS: Ubuntu 20.04
docker version: 19.03.8

我正在使用此Dockerfile：

# Dockerfile
FROM nvidia/cuda:11.0-base

copY . /SingleModelTest

workdir /SingleModelTest

RUN nvidia-smi

RUN set -xe \           #these are just to make sure pip and git are installed to install the requirements
    && apt-get update \
    && apt-get install python3-pip -y \
    && apt-get install git -y 
RUN pip3 install --upgrade pip

RUN pip3 install -r requirements/requirements1.txt
RUN pip3 install -r requirements/requirements2.txt    #this is where it fails

ENTRYPOINT ["python"]

CMD ["TabNetAPI.py"]

nvidia-smi的输出符合预期：

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 450.80.02    Driver Version: 450.80.02    CUDA Version: 11.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1050    Off  | 00000000:01:00.0  On |                  N/A |
|  0%   54C    P0    N/A /  90W |   1983MiB /  1995MiB |     18%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

所以cuda确实可以工作，但是当我尝试从需求文件中安装所需的软件包时，会发生这种情况：

     command: /usr/bin/python3 -c 'import sys,setuptools,tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/SingleModelTest/src/mmdet/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/SingleModelTest/src/mmdet/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize,'"'"'open'"'"',open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"','"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code,__file__,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' develop --no-deps
         cwd: /SingleModelTest/src/mmdet/
    Complete output (24 lines):
    running develop
    running egg_info
    creating mmdet.egg-info
    writing mmdet.egg-info/PKG-INFO
    writing dependency_links to mmdet.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
    writing requirements to mmdet.egg-info/requires.txt
    writing top-level names to mmdet.egg-info/top_level.txt
    writing manifest file 'mmdet.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    reading manifest file 'mmdet.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    writing manifest file 'mmdet.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
    running build_ext
    building 'mmdet.ops.utils.compiling_info' extension
    creating build
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/mmdet
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/mmdet/ops
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/mmdet/ops/utils
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/mmdet/ops/utils/src
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -g -fwrapv -O2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fPIC -DWITH_CUDA -I/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/include -I/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/include/torch/csrc/api/include -I/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/include/TH -I/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/torch/include/THC -I/usr/local/cuda/include -I/usr/include/python3.8 -c mmdet/ops/utils/src/compiling_info.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/mmdet/ops/utils/src/compiling_info.o -DTORCH_API_INCLUDE_EXTENSION_H -DTORCH_EXTENSION_NAME=compiling_info -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0 -std=c++11
    mmdet/ops/utils/src/compiling_info.cpp:3:10: Fatal error: cuda_runtime_api.h: No such file or directory
        3 | #include <cuda_runtime_api.h>
          |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' Failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python3 -c 'import sys,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' develop --no-deps Check the logs for full command output.

失败的软件包是mmdetection。我使用2个独立的需求文件来确保先安装某些软件包，以防止依赖失败

requirements1.txt：

torch==1.4.0+cu100 
-f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
torchvision==0.5.0+cu100 
-f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
numpy==1.19.2

requirements2.txt：

addict==2.3.0
albumentations==0.5.0
appdirs==1.4.4
asynctest==0.13.0
attrs==20.2.0
certifi==2020.6.20
chardet==3.0.4
cityscapesScripts==2.1.7
click==7.1.2
codecov==2.1.10
coloredlogs==14.0
coverage==5.3
cycler==0.10.0
Cython==0.29.21
decorator==4.4.2
Flake8==3.8.4
Flask==1.1.2
humanfriendly==8.2
idna==2.10
imagecorruptions==1.1.0
imageio==2.9.0
imgaug==0.4.0
iniconfig==1.1.1
isort==5.6.4
itsdangerous==1.1.0
Jinja2==2.11.2
kiwisolver==1.2.0
kwarray==0.5.9
MarkupSafe==1.1.1
matplotlib==3.3.2
mccabe==0.6.1
mmcv==0.4.3
-e git+https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection.git@0f33c08d8d46eba8165715a0995841a975badfd4#egg=mmdet
networkx==2.5
opencv-python==4.4.0.44
opencv-python-headless==4.4.0.44
ordered-set==4.0.2
packaging==20.4
pandas==1.1.3
Pillow==6.2.2
pluggy==0.13.1
py==1.9.0
pycocotools==2.0.2
pycodestyle==2.6.0
pyflakes==2.2.0
pyparsing==2.4.7
pyquaternion==0.9.9
PyTesseract==0.3.6
pytest==6.1.1
pytest-cov==2.10.1
pytest-runner==5.2
python-dateutil==2.8.1
pytz==2020.1
PyWavelets==1.1.1
PyYAML==5.3.1
requests==2.24.0
scikit-image==0.17.2
scipy==1.5.3
Shapely==1.7.1
six==1.15.0
terminaltables==3.1.0
tifffile==2020.9.3
toml==0.10.1
tqdm==4.50.2
typing==3.7.4.3
ubelt==0.9.2
urllib3==1.25.11
Werkzeug==1.0.1
xdoctest==0.15.0
yapf==0.30.0

我用来（尝试）构建映像的命令： nvidia-docker build -t firstdockertestsinglemodel:latest

我尝试过的事情：

设置CUDA_HOME，LIBRARY_PATH，LD_LIBRARY_PATH之类的cuda环境变量，但由于无法在Ubuntu Files应用程序中看到它们，因此无法检查设置的路径，因此我不确定我是否正确设置了

我将非常感谢任何人都可以提供的帮助。如果我需要提供更多信息，我会很乐意。

解决方法

编辑：此答案仅告诉您如何验证Docker映像中发生的情况。不幸的是，我无法弄清楚为什么会发生这种情况。

如何检查？

在docker构建的每个步骤中，您可以看到正在生成的各个层。您可以使用该ID创建一个临时图像来检查正在发生的事情。例如

docker build -t my_bonk_example .
[...]
Removing intermediate container xxxxxxxxxxxxx
 ---> 57778e7c9788
Step 19/31 : RUN mkdir -p /tmp/spark-events
 ---> Running in afd21d853bcb
Removing intermediate container xxxxxxxxxxxxx
 ---> 33b26e1a2286 <-- let's use this ID
[ failure happens ]

docker run -it --rm --name bonk_container_before_failure 33b26e1a2286 bash
# now you're in the container

echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ls /usr/local/cuda

关于Dockerfile的附注：

如果您更改Dockerfile中的指令顺序，则可以缩短以后的构建时间。 Docker使用的缓存会在发现与先前构建不同的瞬间失效。我希望您比Docker映像的要求更频繁地更改代码，因此在apt指令后移动COPY是有意义的。例如

# Dockerfile
FROM nvidia/cuda:10.2-base

RUN set -xe \
    && apt-get update \
    && apt-get install python3-pip -y \
    && apt-get install git -y 

RUN pip3 install --upgrade pip

WORKDIR /SingleModelTest

COPY requirements /SingleModelTest/requirements

RUN pip3 install -r requirements/requirements1.txt
RUN pip3 install -r requirements/requirements2.txt

COPY . /SingleModelTest

RUN nvidia-smi

ENTRYPOINT ["python"]
CMD ["TabNetAPI.py"]

注意：这只是一个例子。

关于为什么无法生成映像的问题，我发现PyTorch 1.4不支持CUDE 11.0（https://discuss.pytorch.org/t/pytorch-with-cuda-11-compatibility/89254），但是使用早期版本的CUDA也不能解决该问题。

感谢@Robert Crovella，我解决了我的问题。原来，我只需要使用setActionCommand()作为基础图像而不是nvidia/cuda/10.0-devel

所以我的Dockerfile现在是：

nvidia/cuda/10.0-base

cuda cuda docker docker nvidia python ubuntu