问题描述
我正在将嵌入式分布式系统移植到Windows,我需要通过环回发送多播和单播数据包,我发现由于某些未知原因,发送多播所花的时间比发送单播所花费的时间多2倍。
我的环境非常简单,我赢了10台带有3个网卡的机器,出于应用目的,我仅使用一个分配了两个IP地址的NIC。为了测试,我编写了简单的客户端和服务器应用程序,客户端绑定到第一个IP地址(192.168.1.47),服务器绑定到第二个(192.168.1.46)。
客户端应用发送500个Ucast和500个Mcast数据包,并显示在sendto()函数中花费的平均时间。
如果客户端和服务器是在两台单独的计算机上启动的,则两次的时间几乎相同,但是如果它们在同一台计算机上启动,则Mcast的时间要长2-3倍。
任何人遇到类似的问题或知道其原因是什么?我会提出任何建议,谢谢!
下面的代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib") //Winsock Library
void Send(SOCKET& socket,SOCKADDR_IN& sockAddr);
int main()
{
// Params
char localIp[] = "192.168.1.47";
char dstMcastAddress[] = "239.4.5.6";
char dstUcastAddress[] = "192.168.1.46";
int port = 5120;
//Initialize WinSock2
WSADATA wsaData;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData) != 0)
{
std::cout << "WSAStartup error\r\n";
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
// Create socket
SOCKET sendSocket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,IPPROTO_UDP);
if (sendSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
int error = WSAGetLastError();
std::cout << "Unable to open socket " << error << std::endl;
}
SOCKADDR_IN localAddress;
localAddress.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET,localIp,&(localAddress.sin_addr));
if (bind(sendSocket,(SOCKADDR*)&localAddress,sizeof(localAddress)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
std::cout << "Client: bind() Failed! Error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
closesocket(sendSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
SOCKADDR_IN receiverUcast;
receiverUcast.sin_family = AF_INET;
receiverUcast.sin_port = htons(port);
inet_pton(AF_INET,dstUcastAddress,&(receiverUcast.sin_addr));
std::cout << "Ucast: ";
Send(sendSocket,receiverUcast);
SOCKADDR_IN receiverMcast;
receiverMcast.sin_family = AF_INET;
receiverMcast.sin_port = htons(port);
inet_pton(AF_INET,dstMcastAddress,&(receiverMcast.sin_addr));
std::cout << "Mcast: ";
Send(sendSocket,receiverMcast);
}
void Send(SOCKET& socket,SOCKADDR_IN& sockAddr)
{
char SendBuf[1000];
std::vector<int> vec;
int i = 0;
while (i++ < 500)
{
snprintf(SendBuf,sizeof(SendBuf),"Udp client send %02d",i);
auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::Now();
int TotalByteSent = sendto(socket,SendBuf,strlen(SendBuf),(SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr,sizeof(sockAddr));
auto end = std::chrono::system_clock::Now();
if (TotalByteSent < 0)
{
std::cout << "Send error\r\n";
}
auto elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end - start);
vec.push_back(elapsed.count());
}
double average = std::accumulate(vec.begin(),vec.end(),0.0) / vec.size();
std::cout << average << std::endl;
}
服务器:
#include <iostream>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <chrono>
#include <vector>
#include <numeric>
#include <string_view>
#include <string>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib") //Winsock Library
int main()
{
// Params
char localIp[] = "192.168.1.46";
char dstMcastAddress[] = "239.4.5.6";
int port = 5120;
char receiveBuffer[1000];
/// Initialize WinSock2
WSADATA wsaData;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,&wsaData) != 0)
{
std::cout << "WSAStartup error\r\n";
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
// Create socket
SOCKET recSocket = socket(AF_INET,IPPROTO_UDP);
if (recSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
int error = WSAGetLastError();
std::cout << "Unable to open socket " << error << std::endl;
}
// Bind to specific ip address and port
SOCKADDR_IN receiverAddress;
receiverAddress.sin_family = AF_INET;
receiverAddress.sin_port = htons(port);
inet_pton(AF_INET,&(receiverAddress.sin_addr));
if (bind(recSocket,(SOCKADDR*)&receiverAddress,sizeof(receiverAddress)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
std::cout << "Server: bind() Failed! Error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
closesocket(recSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
// Join mcast group
struct ip_mreq mreq;
inet_pton(AF_INET,&(mreq.imr_interface.s_addr));
inet_pton(AF_INET,&(mreq.imr_multiaddr.s_addr));
if (SOCKET_ERROR == setsockopt(recSocket,IPPROTO_IP,IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,(char*)&mreq,sizeof(mreq)))
{
std::cout << "Server: setsockopt() Failed! Error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl << std::flush;
closesocket(recSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
//Spin and wait for packets
SOCKADDR_IN SenderAddr;
int SenderAddrSize = sizeof(SenderAddr);
int receivedFrames = 0;
while (1)
{
int ByteReceived = recvfrom(recSocket,receiveBuffer,sizeof(receiveBuffer),(SOCKADDR*)&SenderAddr,&SenderAddrSize);
if (ByteReceived > 0)
{
printf("\r%04d",++receivedFrames);
}
else
{
std::cout << "Server: recvfrom() Failed! Error: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
}
}
}
解决方法
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