问题描述
我注意到熊猫的read_csv()
无法读取托管在GitLab上的公共CSV文件:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv("https://gitlab.com/stragu/DSH/-/raw/master/Python/pandas/spi.csv")
我得到的错误(被截断):
HTTPError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-e1c0b52ee83c> in <module>
----> 1 df = pd.read_csv("https://gitlab.com/stragu/DSH/-/raw/master/Python/pandas/spi.csv")
[...]
~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in http_error_default(self,req,fp,code,msg,hdrs)
647 class HTTPDefaultErrorHandler(BaseHandler):
648 def http_error_default(self,hdrs):
--> 649 raise HTTPError(req.full_url,hdrs,fp)
650
651 class HTTPRedirectHandler(BaseHandler):
HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
但是,使用R,基函数read.csv()
会愉快地读取它:
df <- read.csv("https://gitlab.com/stragu/DSH/-/raw/master/Python/pandas/spi.csv")
head(df)
#> country_code year spi
#> 1 AFG 2020 42.29
#> 2 AFG 2019 42.34
#> 3 AFG 2018 40.61
#> 4 AFG 2017 38.94
#> 5 AFG 2016 39.65
#> 6 AFG 2015 38.62
由reprex package(v0.3.0)于2020-10-29创建
有什么想法,以及R如何实现它?
使用的版本:
- R 4.0.3
- Python 3.7.9
- 熊猫1.1.3
解决方法
如果您正在寻找解决方法,建议您通过requests
库发出GET请求:
import requests
from io import StringIO
url = "https://gitlab.com/stragu/DSH/-/raw/master/Python/pandas/spi.csv"
df = pd.read_csv(StringIO(requests.get(url).text))
df.head()
country_code year spi
0 AFG 2020 42.290001
1 AFG 2019 42.340000
2 AFG 2018 40.610001
3 AFG 2017 38.939999
4 AFG 2016 39.650002
关于它的“为什么”部分,我看到read_csv
internally uses urllib
for standard URLs,显然该API阻止了该请求,可能是因为它认为您是爬虫。如果我重复相同的过程,但添加“ User-Agent”标头,则请求成功。
TLDR;熊猫做什么和失败:
from urllib.request import Request,urlopen
req = Request(<URL>)
urlopen(req).read() # fails
大熊猫应该为此做些什么:
req = Request(<URL>)
req.add_header('User-Agent',<literally anything>)
urlopen(req).read() # succeeds