是否有一种标准方法将依赖项版本声明为Gradle中的变量，然后可以在依赖项块中进行引用？

问题描述

我对Gradle还是很陌生，所以想检查推荐的gradle等效项，以便在单个位置声明所有依赖项版本，就像Maven的properties标签一样

示例pom.xml-

<properties>
    <java.version>11</java.version>
    <spring.version>5.0.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.6</lombok.version>
    <logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
    ...
</properties>

...

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>${lombok.version}</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
      <version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>

到目前为止，我已经遇到了以下几种方法，可以在Gradle中完成同样的操作

在ext的{{1}}块的buildscript块中声明它们。

示例build.gradle-
```
build.gradle
```
在根级别将其声明为buildscript { ext { LOMBOK_VERSION = '1.18.6' JUNIT_VERSION = '5.5.2' MOCKITO_VERSION = '3.1.0' SPRING_BOOT_VERSION = '2.2.4.RELEASE' SWAGGER_VERSION = '2.9.2' } } ... dependencies { compileOnly "org.projectlombok:lombok:$LOMBOK_VERSION" implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION" implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger-ui:$SWAGGER_VERSION" implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger2:$SWAGGER_VERSION" testImplementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION" testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:$JUNIT_VERSION" testIimplementation "org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:$MOCKITO_VERSION" runtimeOnly "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:$JUNIT_VERSION" }块的一部分
```
ext
```
使用ext { LOMBOK_VERSION = '1.18.6' JUNIT_VERSION = '5.5.2' MOCKITO_VERSION = '3.1.0' SPRING_BOOT_VERSION = '2.2.4.RELEASE' SWAGGER_VERSION = '2.9.2' } ... dependencies { compileOnly "org.projectlombok:lombok:$LOMBOK_VERSION" implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION" implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger-ui:$SWAGGER_VERSION" implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger2:$SWAGGER_VERSION" testImplementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION" testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:$JUNIT_VERSION" testIimplementation "org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:$MOCKITO_VERSION" runtimeOnly "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:$JUNIT_VERSION" }在dependencies块本身中将它们声明为局部变量
```
def
```
在... dependencies { def LOMBOK_VERSION = '1.18.6' def JUNIT_VERSION = '5.5.2' def MOCKITO_VERSION = '3.1.0' def SPRING_BOOT_VERSION = '2.2.4.RELEASE' def SWAGGER_VERSION = '2.9.2' compileOnly "org.projectlombok:lombok:$LOMBOK_VERSION" implementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION" implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger-ui:$SWAGGER_VERSION" implementation "io.springfox:springfox-swagger2:$SWAGGER_VERSION" testImplementation "org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test:$SPRING_BOOT_VERSION" testImplementation "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:$JUNIT_VERSION" testIimplementation "org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:$MOCKITO_VERSION" runtimeOnly "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:$JUNIT_VERSION" }文件中声明它们
```
gradle.properties
```

我不确定首选哪个，应该避免（如果有）吗？

解决方法

选择是主观的，执行取决于个人编码样式或代码格式化规则。

个人-
version是“代码”-dependencies和/或plugins

中需要

gradle.properties不是地方-因为它的目的不是代码本身
选项{2,3（ext中的dependencies）在plugins

中不可见

buildscript块支持全局声明，但在新的plugins样式中使用较少

我在依赖项中声明的plugins和ext中有硬编码的版本号。

gradle gradle gradle-dependencies java java