哪些KeyStore实现可用于存储对称密钥？

问题描述

java.security.KeyStore使用KeyStoreSpi实现来提供不同类型的密钥库。基本的OpenJDK附带了对JKS，JCEKS和PKCS12密钥库类型的支持。前两个实现了专有的Sun / Oracle格式，而PKCS12是公共标准。

我知道JCEKS支持对称密钥，而PKCS12不支持。哪些其他KeyStoreSpi实现（例如Bouncy Castle）提供对称密钥的支持？开发人员似乎希望隐藏此类信息。例如。有弹性的城堡docs仅提及：

第四个是BCFKS密钥库，它是FIPS兼容的密钥库 它也设计用于基于ASN.1的通用密钥存储。 此密钥存储类型已加密，并支持使用SCRYPT和 一些对称密钥类型的存储。

解决方法

您为什么认为PKCS＃12密钥库通常不保存秘密密钥？我正在使用Desktop OpenJDK 11.x，并且在使用PKCS＃12密钥库保存和重新加载秘密密钥时没有任何问题。

但是您是对的-在某些Java实现中，这是行不通的-试试看吧！

输出：

Keystore Type PKCS12
source: https://www.pixelstech.net/article/1420427307-Different-types-of-keystore-in-Java----PKCS12
create a keystore
load the keystore and store a secret key
key after generation length: 32 data: eb6b8efafcee46880ea75b83754442efe4ee9d66ce755698cc803fd7775e4e78
load secret key from keystore
key after loading    length: 32 data: eb6b8efafcee46880ea75b83754442efe4ee9d66ce755698cc803fd7775e4e78

安全警告：该代码没有任何异常处理，仅用于教育目的。

代码：

import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyStore;

public class KeystoreTypePKCS12 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Keystore Type PKCS12");
        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64677544/which-keystore-implementations-can-be-used-for-storing-symmetric-keys
        System.out.println("source: https://www.pixelstech.net/article/1420427307-Different-types-of-keystore-in-Java----PKCS12");

        System.out.println("create a keystore");
        try {
            KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
            keyStore.load(null,null);
            keyStore.store(new FileOutputStream("keystore.p12"),"password".toCharArray());
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("load the keystore and store a secret key");
        try {
            KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
            keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("keystore.p12"),"password".toCharArray());
            // generate an aes secret key
            KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
            keyGen.init(256);
            Key key = keyGen.generateKey();
            System.out.println("key after generation length: " + key.getEncoded().length
                    + " data: " + bytesToHex(key.getEncoded()));
            // store it in the keystore
            keyStore.setKeyEntry("secret",key,"password".toCharArray(),null);
            // save the keystore
            keyStore.store(new FileOutputStream("keystore.p12"),"password".toCharArray());
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("load secret key from keystore");
        try{
            KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
            keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("keystore.p12"),"password".toCharArray());
            Key keyLoad = keyStore.getKey("secret","password".toCharArray());
            System.out.println("key after loading    length: " + keyLoad.getEncoded().length
                    + " data: " + bytesToHex(keyLoad.getEncoded()));
        } catch (Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
    private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        for (byte b : bytes) result.append(Integer.toString((b & 0xff) + 0x100,16).substring(1));
        return result.toString();
    }
}