引发WebServerException：无法使用Powermock和Springboot启动嵌入式Tomcat

问题描述

我正在使用Springboot和junit，我想使用Powermock来模拟静态类，添加Powermock后，单元测试可以通过IntelliJ IDEA很好地运行，但是当我在终端下运行mvn test时，它将抛出 ApplicationContextException：无法启动Web服务器\ n无法启动嵌入式Tomcat

我的基础测试课：

@SpringBoottest(webEnvironment = SpringBoottest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT,classes = WebApplication.class)
@powermockrunnerDelegate(springrunner.class)
@RunWith(powermockrunner.class)
@PowerMockIgnore( {"javax.management.*","javax.net.*","javax.crypto.*"})
@Slf4j
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.rolls"})
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@Transactional
@Rollback
public class ApplicationTest {
    ...test
}

测试班：

@Slf4j
@PrepareForTest(ClientCache.class)
public class RuleServiceTest extends ApplicationTest {


    @Mock
    private IClient iClient;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        powermockito.mockStatic(ClientCache.class);
    }

    ...test
}

相关专家pom.xml：

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

        <!--   mock class    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

错误运行mvn test：

[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:3.0.0-M4:test (default-test) @ dq-web ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running com.rolls.ApplicationTest
[INFO] Tests run: 1,Failures: 0,Errors: 0,Skipped: 0,Time elapsed: 36.015 s - in com.rolls.ApplicationTest
[INFO] Running com.rolls.common.utils.DateUtilTest
[ERROR] Tests run: 3,Errors: 3,Time elapsed: 18.619 s <<< FAILURE! - in com.rolls.common.utils.DateUtilTest
[ERROR] com.rolls.common.utils.DateUtilTest.testGetFormattedDate1  Time elapsed: 0.618 s  <<< ERROR!
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Caused by: org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start web server; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat
Caused by: org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container Failed during start
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container Failed during start
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container Failed during start
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@5b6afa58]
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@5b6afa58]
Caused by: java.lang.Error: factory already defined
...
[ERROR] com.rolls.service.impl.RuleServiceTest.testListnotin  Time elapsed: 0.001 s  <<< ERROR!
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Caused by: org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextException: Unable to start web server; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat
Caused by: org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerException: Unable to start embedded Tomcat
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container Failed during start
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container Failed during start
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container Failed during start
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@795c941b]
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@795c941b]
Caused by: java.lang.Error: factory already defined

似乎@RunWith(powermockrunner.class)无法启动嵌入tomcat的springboot，但是要使用Powermock，我需要运行它。

问题：有人知道如何将 Powermock 与 Springboot 集成吗？ / p>

解决方法

解决方案：我改为使用Mockito 3.4.6代替PowerMock

查看我的伪代码如下：

我要测试的目标方法

public String paramReplace(String type) {
   ...code here
   IClient client = ClientCache.getClient(type);
   client.execute();
   ...code here
}

public ClientCache {
   public static getClient(String type) {
      ...code here
      return client;
   } 
}

public Client {
   public String execute() {
     ...code here
     return "a";
   }
}

我想测试方法paramReplace()，在此方法内部，我需要模拟ClientCache.getClient()（静态方法）和client.execute()。

我的考试班：

@Slf4j
public class JobParamReplaceTest extends ApplicationTest {

    @Autowired
    public JobParamReplace jobParamReplace;
    @Mock
    private IClient iClient;
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
//        PowerMockito.mockStatic(ClientCache.class);
       
//        iClient = Mockito.mock(IClient.class);
        MockedStatic<ClientCache> clientCache = Mockito.mockStatic(ClientCache.class);
        clientCache.when(() -> ClientCache.getClient(Mockito.anyInt())).thenReturn(iClient);
//        Mockito.when(iClient.executeQuery(Mockito.any(ISourceDTO.class),Mockito.any(SqlQueryDTO.class))).thenReturn(new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>());
        Mockito.when(iClient.executeQuery(Mockito.any(ISourceDTO.class),Mockito.any(SqlQueryDTO.class))).thenReturn(new ArrayList(1));
    }

    @Test
    public void testParamReplace() throws Exception {
        String sql_res = jobParamReplace.paramReplace("a");
        Assert.assertTrue(StringUtils.isNotBlank(sql_res));
    }
}

基础测试班：

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT,classes = WebApplication.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Slf4j
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.dtstack"})
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@Transactional
@Rollback
public class ApplicationTest {

}

我的maven依赖项：

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.6</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-inline</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

摘要： 使用@Mock模拟非静态方法，并使用Mockito.mockStatic(ClientCache.class)模拟静态方法

java java mockito mockito mockito powermock spring-boot