在 docker 中使用 g++ 编译 pybind11 失败

问题描述

总结：我无法从 pybind11 documentation 中得到一个示例来在 Docker 中使用 g++ 进行编译。

我有一个包含两个文件的目录，hello.cpp 和 Dockerfile。 Dockerfile 的内容是

FROM phusion/baseimage:0.11
# Use baseimage-docker's init system
CMD ["/sbin/my_init"]
# Update and install packages
RUN apt update && apt -y upgrade && apt -y install \
    build-essential \
    python3-dev \
    python3-pip 
RUN pip3 install pybind11
# Clean up apt mess
RUN apt clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*

C++ 文件 hello.cpp 包含

#include <pybind11/embed.h> // everything needed for embedding
namespace py = pybind11;
int main() {
    py::scoped_interpreter guard{}; // start the interpreter and keep it alive
    py::print("Hello,World!"); // use the Python API
}

.cpp 内容来自 pybind11 tutorial

为了在容器内进行编译，我使用

找出了pybind11所在的位置

 python3 -c "import pybind11; print(pybind11.get_include());"

然后我找到了 Python.h 所在的位置

 python3-config --includes

我也使用了

指定的标志

 python3-config --cflags --ldflags

当我运行以下命令时，出现错误。

g++ -I /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include \
-I /usr/include/python3.6m \
-Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -g -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/python3.6-e9shER/python3.6-3.6.9=. -specs=/usr/share/dpkg/no-pie-compile.specs -fstack-protector -Wformat -Werror=format-security  -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -L/usr/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu \
    -L/usr/lib -lpython3.6m -lpthread -ldl  -lutil -lm  -Xlinker -export-dynamic -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions \
    -std=c++14 \
    -fPIC \
        hello.cpp

我正在显示消息顶部和底部的片段。

call_calc.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
call_calc.cpp:13:9: warning: unused variable ‘n’ [-Wunused-variable]
    int n = result.cast<int>();
        ^
/tmp/ccpr9DIE.o: In function `pybind11_static_get':
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/class.h:48: undefined reference to `PyProperty_Type'
/tmp/ccpr9DIE.o: In function `pybind11_static_set':
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/class.h:54: undefined reference to `PyProperty_Type'
/tmp/ccpr9DIE.o: In function `pybind11::cast_error::set_error() const':
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/common.h:722: undefined reference to `PyExc_RuntimeError'
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/detail/common.h:722: undefined reference to `PyErr_SetString'
/tmp/ccpr9DIE.o: In function `pybind11::detail::translate_exception(std::__exception_ptr::exception_ptr)':
...snipped...
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/cast.h:1052: undefined reference to `PyNumber_Check'
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/cast.h:1053: undefined reference to `PyNumber_Long'
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/cast.h:1056: undefined reference to `PyErr_Clear'
/tmp/ccpr9DIE.o: In function `main':
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pybind11/include/pybind11/pybind11.h:942: undefined reference to `PyImport_ImportModule'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

有几个相关的问题 1,2,3 但我无法将它们应用于我的情况。

我可以让 simple function example 工作。

当我使用

g++ -O3 -Wall -shared -std=c++17 -fPIC `python3 -m pybind11 --includes` example_hello_world_py_inside.cpp

我确实得到了一个二进制文件，但运行该二进制文件会触发分段错误。

解决方法

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docker docker g++pybind11 python-3.x