问题描述
library(plm)
library(dplyr)
data("EmplUK",package="plm")
EmplUK <- EmplUK %>%
group_by(firm,year) %>%
mutate(Vote = sample(c(0,1),Vote_won = ifelse(Vote==1,sample(c(0,0))
# EDIT:
EmplUK <- pdata.frame(EmplUK,index=c("firm","year"),drop.index = FALSE)
# A tibble: 1,031 x 9
# Groups: firm,year [1,031]
firm year sector emp wage capital output Vote Vote_won
<dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
1 1 1977 7 5.04 13.2 0.589 95.7 1 0
2 1 1978 7 5.60 12.3 0.632 97.4 0 0
3 1 1979 7 5.01 12.8 0.677 99.6 1 1
4 1 1980 7 4.72 13.8 0.617 101. 1 1
5 1 1981 7 4.09 14.3 0.508 99.6 0 0
6 1 1982 7 3.17 14.9 0.423 98.6 0 0
7 1 1983 7 2.94 13.8 0.392 100. 0 0
8 2 1977 7 71.3 14.8 16.9 95.7 1 0
9 2 1978 7 70.6 14.1 17.2 97.4 1 1
10 2 1979 7 70.9 15.0 17.5 99.6 1 1
这个人听到(DaveArmstrong 的回答):Visualise the relation between two variables in panel data:
demeaned_data <- EmplUK %>%
group_by(firm) %>%
mutate(across(c(output,wage),function(x)x-mean(x)))
这个人听到:Demean R data frame
library(plyr)
demean <- colwise(function(x) if(is.numeric(x)) x - mean(x) else x)
demeaned_data.2 <- ddply(EmplUK,.(firm),demean)
然而,查看直方图,结果非常不同,一个显示差异,另一个显示平均值减去差异或其他什么?是一样的吗?:
hist(demeaned_data$wage,100)
hist(demeaned_data.2$wage,100)
解决方法
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