(django) 根据用户的兴趣显示帖子

问题描述

我对 Django 还是很陌生，仍在学习它，但我必须创建像 medium.com 这样的东西。我想根据用户的兴趣向他们展示帖子。我在注册表单中添加了一个带有复选框的兴趣字段。当然，我在 Post 模型中添加了一个类别。那么，我如何才能（仅对登录用户）显示他们感兴趣的出版物？ 这是我在帖子应用程序中的 models.py 文件

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.urls import reverse
# Create your models here.
class Post(models.Model):
    CATEGORY = (
        ('sport','Sport'),('science','Science'),('it','IT'),('art',"Art"),)

    
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="Title for publication",max_length=50)
    category = models.CharField(verbose_name="Category",choices=CATEGORY,max_length=50)
    author = models.ForeignKey("accounts.User",verbose_name="Author:",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    body = models.TextField(verbose_name="Body for publication")
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name="Date:",auto_Now_add=True)
    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.Now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)


    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("post_detail",kwargs={"pk": self.pk})
    

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

这是我在帖子应用程序中的 vies.py 文件

from django.views.generic import ListView,DetailView
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView,UpdateView,DeleteView
from .models import Post
from django.urls import reverse_lazy

class PostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "index.html"    
    def get_queryset(self):
        return Post.objects.order_by('-pub_date')


class PostDetailView(DetailView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "./posts/post_detail.html"

class PostCreateView(CreateView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "./posts/new_post.html"
    fields = '__all__'

class PostUpdateView(UpdateView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "./posts/update_post.html"
    fields = ['body','title','category']

class PostDeleteView(DeleteView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "./posts/delete_post.html"
    success_url = reverse_lazy('index')


class SportPostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "./posts/sports.html"

class ITPostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "./posts/it.html"

class SciencePostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "./posts/ilm-fan.html"

class ArtPostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "./posts/sanat.html"

这是我的 index.html 文件

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
{% if object_list %}
    {% for post in object_list %}
        <h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
        <p>{{ post.pub_date }}</p>
        <p>{{ post.author }}</p>
        <p>{{ post.body }}</p>
        <p>{{ post.category }}</p>
    {% endfor %}
{% else %}
    <p>No posts are available.</p>
{% endif %}
{% endblock content %}

这是我在帐户应用程序中的 forms.py 文件

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.db import models
from django import forms
class SignUpForm(UserCreationForm):
    INTERESTS = (
        ('sport',)
    username = forms.CharField(max_length=128,required=True)
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='emailingiz',unique=True,default='')
    first_name = forms.CharField(max_length=128,required=True)
    last_name = forms.CharField(max_length=128,required=True)
    interests = forms.MultipleChoiceField(required=True,widget=forms.CheckBoxSelectMultiple,choices=INTERESTS)
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('first_name','last_name','username','email','interests','password1','password2')
    

最后这个 views.py 文件在帐户应用程序中

from django.urls import reverse_lazy
from django.views.generic import CreateView
from .forms import SignUpForm

class SignUpView(CreateView):
    form_class = SignUpForm
    success_url = reverse_lazy('login')
    template_name = 'signup.html'

我不知道该怎么做，但我知道我必须在帖子应用程序的 views.py 文件中做一些事情，但是，我不知道该怎么做。 如果您能帮助我，我将不胜感激。

解决方法

我会制作另一个模型 Category。由于它将是它自己的模型，因此您可以根据需要动态添加未来的类别，而不是将那些硬编码的 choices。

class Category(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(default=None,blank=True,null=True)

那么您的 User 和 Post 模型将分别有一个与类别相关的 ManytoMany 字段。帖子在创建时可以标记为特定类别，用户将能够选择他们感兴趣的多个类别并将它们存储在此字段中：

class User(AbstractBaseUser):
     interests = models.ManytoManyField(Category,default=None,blank=True)

class Post(models.Model):
     categories = models.ManytoManyField(Category,blank=True)

您可以使用 forms.modelChoiceField 使您的用户能够选择类别。

在您的 PostListView 中，您只需更改 get_queryset 方法以过滤用户喜欢的帖子。

class PostListView(ListView):
    model = Post
    template_name = "index.html" 
   
    def get_queryset(self):
        user_interests = self.request.user.interests
        return Post.objects.filter(
        categories__in=user_interests).order_by('pub_date')

然后，您应该获得与用户兴趣共享类别的帖子。

,

这里是错误

Error during template rendering
In template /home/xesos/projects/mw/mw/templates/base.html,error at line 0

too many values to unpack (expected 2)
1   <!DOCTYPE html>
2   <html lang="en">
3   <head>
4       <meta charset="UTF-8">
5       <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
6       <style>
7           
8       </style>
9       <title>
10          {% block title %}

为了避免这个错误，我在forms.py中做了一些改动，就是这样

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django import forms
from posts.models import Category

class SignUpForm(UserCreationForm):
    categories = Category.objects.values_list('name')
    listOfCategory = []
    listOfCategory += categories


    username = forms.CharField(max_length=128,required=True)
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
    first_name = forms.CharField(max_length=128,required=True)
    last_name = forms.CharField(max_length=128,required=True)
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    
    for i in range(0,len(listOfCategory)):
        listOfCategory.append(listOfCategory[i])
    interests = forms.ChoiceField(choices=[(x,x) for x in listOfCategory])

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('first_name','last_name','username','email','interests','password1','password2')