问题描述
说明:点击提交按钮后,条目应显示在树中。
我限制了条目字段,因此它们只能采用两个值(使用跟踪方法)。
问题1:我一共有8个条目,也就是说代码有8个StringVar,8个条目,8个标签,1个按钮,一共17个格子。请帮我减少代码。
问题 2:我需要一个列表中可以全局使用的条目。
from tkinter import Tk,Frame,Button,Label,Entry,ttk,StringVar,Scrollbar
import datetime
# Main Window
class WINDOW(Tk):
def __init__(self,master):
Tk.__init__(self,master)
self.master = master
frame1 = Frame1(self)
frame1.grid(row=0,column=0)
list_of_entries=[]
class Frame1(Frame):
def __init__(self,master):
Frame.__init__(self,master,height=master.winfo_screenheight(),width=master.winfo_screenwidth())
self.master = master
one_var = StringVar()
two_var = StringVar()
three_var = StringVar()
four_var = StringVar()
five_var = StringVar()
# Restrict entry field for 2 values only (using trace)
one_var.trace("w",lambda name,index,mode,one_var=one_var: callback())
two_var.trace("w",two_var=one_var: callback())
three_var.trace("w",three_var=one_var: callback())
four_var.trace("w",four_var=one_var: callback())
five_var.trace("w",five_var=one_var: callback())
def callback(*args):
one_var.set(one_var.get()[:2])
two_var.set(two_var.get()[:2])
three_var.set(three_var.get()[:2])
four_var.set(four_var.get()[:2])
five_var.set(five_var.get()[:2])
# Request frame labels
DATA0_lbl = Label(self,text='DATA0',font=('calibre',10,'bold'))
DATA1_lbl = Label(self,text='DATA1','bold'))
DATA2_lbl = Label(self,text='DATA2','bold'))
DATA3_lbl = Label(self,text='DATA3','bold'))
DATA4_lbl = Label(self,text='DATA4','bold'))
# Request frame label grid
DATA0_lbl.grid(row=0,column=0)
DATA1_lbl.grid(row=0,column=1)
DATA2_lbl.grid(row=0,column=2)
DATA3_lbl.grid(row=0,column=3)
DATA4_lbl.grid(row=0,column=4)
# Request frame entry fields
DATA0_entry = Entry(self,textvariable=one_var,width=10,'normal'))
DATA1_entry = Entry(self,textvariable=two_var,'normal'))
DATA2_entry = Entry(self,textvariable=three_var,'normal'))
DATA3_entry = Entry(self,textvariable=four_var,'normal'))
DATA4_entry = Entry(self,textvariable=five_var,'normal'))
# Request frame entry field grid
DATA0_entry.grid(row=1,column=0)
DATA1_entry.grid(row=1,column=1)
DATA2_entry.grid(row=1,column=2)
DATA3_entry.grid(row=1,column=3)
DATA4_entry.grid(row=1,column=4)
# Log data sheet
NewTree = ttk.Treeview(self,height=23,columns=("DATA0","DATA1","DATA2","DATA3","DATA4"))
NewTree.column("#0",width=180)
NewTree.column("#1",width=150)
NewTree.column("#2",width=150)
NewTree.column("#3",width=150)
NewTree.column("#4",width=150)
NewTree.column("#5",width=150)
NewTree.heading("#0",text='TIME')
NewTree.heading("#1",text='DATA0')
NewTree.heading("#2",text='DATA1')
NewTree.heading("#3",text='DATA2')
NewTree.heading("#4",text="DATA3")
NewTree.heading("#5",text="DATA4")
NewTree.grid(row=5,columnspan=4)
def insert_data():
NewTree.insert('','end',text=datetime.datetime.Now(),values=(DATA0_entry.get(),DATA1_entry.get(),DATA2_entry.get(),DATA3_entry.get(),DATA4_entry.get()))
one_var.set("")
two_var.set("")
three_var.set("")
four_var.set("")
five_var.set("")
submit_button = Button(self,text="SUBMIT",command=insert_data)
submit_button.grid(row=3,column=4)
root = WINDOW(None)
root.geometry(f'{root.winfo_screenwidth()}x{root.winfo_screenheight()}')
root.title("ADD DATA")
root.mainloop()
解决方法
您可以使用循环来创建条目和标签。通过使用入口小部件的验证功能而不是跟踪,您可以完全丢弃跟踪语句和 StringVar
的实例。
综合起来,这最终将减少大约 50 行左右的代码。
有关条目验证的详细说明,请参阅Interactively validating Entry widget content in tkinter
这是一个完整的例子:
from tkinter import Tk,Frame,Button,Label,Entry,ttk,StringVar,Scrollbar
import datetime
# Main Window
class WINDOW(Tk):
def __init__(self,master):
Tk.__init__(self,master)
self.master = master
frame1 = Frame1(self)
frame1.grid(row=0,column=0)
list_of_entries=[]
class Frame1(Frame):
def __init__(self,master):
Frame.__init__(self,master,height=master.winfo_screenheight(),width=master.winfo_screenwidth())
self.master = master
vcmd = (self.register(self.validate),'%P')
self.entries = []
for i in range(5):
label = Label(self,text=f"DATA{i}",font=('calibre',10,'bold'))
entry = Entry(self,validatecommand=vcmd,validate='key',width=10,'normal'))
label.grid(row=0,column=i)
entry.grid(row=1,column=i)
self.entries.append(entry)
# Log data sheet
NewTree = ttk.Treeview(self,height=23,columns=("DATA0","DATA1","DATA2","DATA3","DATA4"))
NewTree.column("#0",width=180)
NewTree.column("#1",width=150)
NewTree.column("#2",width=150)
NewTree.column("#3",width=150)
NewTree.column("#4",width=150)
NewTree.column("#5",width=150)
NewTree.heading("#0",text='TIME')
NewTree.heading("#1",text='DATA0')
NewTree.heading("#2",text='DATA1')
NewTree.heading("#3",text='DATA2')
NewTree.heading("#4",text="DATA3")
NewTree.heading("#5",text="DATA4")
NewTree.grid(row=5,columnspan=4)
def insert_data():
NewTree.insert('','end',text=datetime.datetime.now(),values=(self.entries[0].get(),self.entries[1].get(),self.entries[2].get(),self.entries[3].get(),self.entries[4].get()))
for i in range(5):
self.entries[i].delete(0,'end')
submit_button = Button(self,text="SUBMIT",command=insert_data)
submit_button.grid(row=3,column=4)
def validate(self,new_value):
return len(new_value) <= 2
root = WINDOW(None)
root.geometry(f'{root.winfo_screenwidth()}x{root.winfo_screenheight()}')
root.title("ADD DATA")
root.mainloop()
,
首先,您可以通过仅使用 for
循环来完全减少代码,并且您可以放弃使用 StringVar
,而是使用 tkinter
进行验证,看看这里:
from tkinter import Tk,width=master.winfo_screenwidth())
self.master = master
vcmd = self.register(self.validate) # Register the validation function
NewTree = ttk.Treeview(self,"DATA4"))
NewTree.grid(row=5,columnspan=4)
NewTree.column("#0",width=180) # These column would stand out of the loop
NewTree.heading("#0",text='TIME') # So manually inserting them
MAX_WIDGETS = 5
base_text = 'DATA' # Base text,so later you can add 1 to make it DATA1 and so on..
lbls = [] # Empty list for label to append to later,not necessary if you dont need to change or reuse them later
self.entries = []
for i in range(MAX_WIDGETS):
NewTree.column(f"#{str(i+1)}",width=150) # i+1 because you have an extra column already
NewTree.heading(f"#{str(i+1)}",text=base_text+str(i))
lbls.append(Label(self,text=base_text+str(i),'bold')))
lbls[i].grid(row=0,column=i)
self.entries.append(Entry(self,'normal'),validatecommand=(vcmd,'%P')))
self.entries[i].grid(row=1,column=i)
submit_button = Button(self,command=lambda: self.insert_data(NewTree))
submit_button.grid(row=3,column=4)
def insert_data(self,tree):
data = [x.get() for x in self.entries]
tree.insert('',values=data)
[x.delete(0,'end') for x in self.entries] # Just to delete the items,list is otherwise of no use.
def validate(self,inp): # The validation function
return len(inp) <= 2
root = WINDOW(None)
root.geometry(f'{root.winfo_screenwidth()}x{root.winfo_screenheight()}')
root.title("ADD DATA")
root.mainloop()
我尽可能使用 for
缩短了代码。有时无法将内容保留在循环范围内,例如您额外的 TIME
列,因此我将其放在循环之外。并且由于您正在使用类,因此可以最大程度地利用它,而不是定义函数,而是定义方法等。你之前的版本大概有 120 行左右,现在减少到 60 行左右。
您还可以进一步使用更多的 LC(列表理解),但我认为它可能会降低代码的可读性,因为在编写代码时要记住这一点。
您可以摆脱将标签附加到列表中,如果您不打算重复使用它们,它将多节省 1 行 ;)
要更好地理解验证,请查看:Interactively validating Entry widget content in tkinter