是否可以为某些功能创建一个循环，但在外部信息进入时停止它们？

问题描述

我是这个平台和 Arduino 的新手。我尝试使用 arduino nano 为 RGB LED 创建蓝牙控制器。我的代码运行良好，但我想让它“完美”（如果你明白我的意思）。

所以，我在 MIT-app-inventor 上设计了一个 Android 应用程序，它允许我点击一个按钮并选择我想要的 rgb 效果（静态颜色、彩虹效果等）。
问题是，当我有“循环”效果、彩虹色和混合色时，它们会停在某一点，颜色会冻结在 LED 灯带上。
我尝试创建另一个变量，该变量根据所选效果的类型进行更改，int var = 1; 第 48 行。但这样做后，我无法再逃避循环。

有什么想法吗？

PS：我使用的是 WS2812b 3 米 LED 灯条、一个 Arduino Nano 和一个 HC-05 蓝牙模块

完整代码如下：

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#ifdef __AVR__
  #include <avr/power.h>
#endif

SoftwareSerial BT(10,11);  // TX,RX of the Bluetooth Module 

#define PIXEL_PIN      5    // Data Pin of Led strip 
#define PIXEL_COUNT    160   // Number of LEDs in the strip
#define BRIGHTnesS   125   // use 96 for medium brightness
#define SPEED          5   // Speed of each Color Transition (in ms)
#define RAINBOW_SPEED  27    // Rainbow Transition speed



Adafruit_NeoPixel strip = Adafruit_NeoPixel(PIXEL_COUNT,PIXEL_PIN,NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);

bool offOld = LOW;
bool WhiteOld = LOW;
bool RedOld = LOW;
bool GreenOld = LOW;
bool BlueOld = LOW;
bool YellowOld = LOW;
bool OrangeOld = LOW;
bool pinkOld = LOW;
bool purpleOld = LOW;
bool cyanOld = LOW;
bool RainbowOld = LOW;
bool rgbOld = LOW;
bool RandomOld = LOW;
int  showType = 0;


void setup() {

   BT.begin(9600);
   
   BT.println("Connected to Arduino");
   

  strip.setBrightness(BRIGHTnesS);  
  strip.begin();
  strip.show();

}

int var = 1;
char a;

void loop() {
  bool off = LOW;
  bool White = LOW;
  bool Blue = LOW;
  bool Red = LOW;
  bool Green = LOW;
  bool Yellow = LOW;
  bool Orange = LOW;
  bool pink = LOW;
  bool purple = LOW;
  bool cyan = LOW;
  bool Rainbow = LOW;
  bool rgb = LOW;
  bool Random = LOW;
  bool ende;
  
   if (BT.available())
   {
    a= (char)BT.read();



    if(a=='f')
    {
      off = HIGH;
      var = 1;
      BT.println("LEDs OFF");
    }else{
          off = LOW;
    }
    
// ===========================================================================================

    if(a=='w')
    {
      White = HIGH;
      var = 1;
      BT.println("LEDs turning White");
    }else{
          White = LOW;
    }
    
// ===========================================================================================

    if(a=='b')
    {
      Blue = HIGH;
      var = 1;
      BT.println("LEDs turning Blue");          
    }else{
          Blue = LOW;  
    }

// ===========================================================================================

if(a=='r')
    {
      Red = HIGH;
      var = 1;
      BT.println("LEDs turning Red");      
    }else{
          Red = LOW;  
    }

// ===========================================================================================

if(a=='g')
    {
      Green = HIGH;
      var = 1;      
      BT.println("LEDs turning Green");    
    }else{
          Green = LOW;
    }

// ===========================================================================================

if(a=='y')
    {
      Yellow = HIGH;
      var = 1;      
      BT.println("LEDs turning Yellow");    
    }else{
          Yellow = LOW;
    }
    
// ===========================================================================================

if(a=='o')
    {
      Orange = HIGH;
      var = 1;      
      BT.println("LEDs turning Orange");    
    }else{
          Orange = LOW;
    }

// ===========================================================================================

if(a=='p')
    {
      pink = HIGH;
      var = 1;      
      BT.println("LEDs turning Pink");    
    }else{
          pink= LOW;  
    }


// ===========================================================================================

if(a=='v')
    {
      purple = HIGH;
      var = 1;      
      BT.println("LEDs turning Purple");    
    }else{
          purple = LOW;  
    }


// ===========================================================================================

if(a=='c')
    {
      cyan = HIGH;
      var = 1;      
      BT.println("LEDs turning Cyan");    
    }else{
          cyan = LOW;  
    }


// ===========================================================================================

    if(a=='a')
    {
      Rainbow = HIGH;
      var = 0;
      BT.println("LEDs making Rainbow");    
    }else{
          Rainbow = LOW;  
    }
    
// ===========================================================================================

     if(a=='m')
    {
      rgb = HIGH;
      var = 0;      
      BT.println("LEDs making Mixed Colors");    
    }else{
          rgb = LOW;  
    }


// ===========================================================================================

     if(a=='e')
    {
      Random = HIGH;
      var = 0;      
      BT.println("LEDs turning random colors");    
    }else{
          Random = LOW;  
    }
    
}

if (off == LOW && offOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (off == LOW) {
       do {
       showType = 0  ;                            // Off animation Type 0
     
      startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }

// ===========================================================================================

if (White == LOW && WhiteOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (White == LOW) {
       do {
       showType = 1  ;                            // White animation Type 1
     
      startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }

  
// ===========================================================================================  
  
  if (Red == LOW && RedOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (Red == LOW) {
       do {
       showType = 2  ;                            // Red animation Type 2
     
      startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }

// ===========================================================================================

if (Green == LOW && GreenOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (Green == LOW) {
       do {
       showType = 3  ;                            // Green animation Type 3
     
      startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }
  
// ===========================================================================================

if (Blue == LOW && BlueOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (Blue == LOW) {
       do {
     
       showType = 4  ;                            // Blue animation Type 4
     
      startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }
  
  // ===========================================================================================

if (Yellow == LOW && YellowOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (Yellow == LOW) {
       do {
       showType = 5  ;                            // Yellow animation Type 5
     
      startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }
  
// ===========================================================================================

if (Orange == LOW && OrangeOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (Orange == LOW) {
       do {
       showType = 8  ;                            // Orange animation Type 8
     
      startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }

// ===========================================================================================

if (pink == LOW && pinkOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (pink == LOW) {
       do {
       showType = 9  ;                            // Pink animation Type 9
     
      startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }
  
// ===========================================================================================

if (purple == LOW && purpleOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (purple == LOW) {
       do {
       showType = 10  ;                            // Purple animation Type 10
       startShow(showType);
      } while (a=0);
    }
  }

// ===========================================================================================

if (cyan == LOW && cyanOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);
   
    
    if (cyan == LOW) {
     do {
       showType = 11  ;                            // Cyan animation Type 11
       startShow(showType);
     } while (a=0);
    }
  }
  
// ===========================================================================================

      if (rgb == LOW && rgbOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);

    if (rgb == LOW) {
      
       showType = 6;                            // Mix animation Type 6
       startShow(showType);
      
       
    }
  }
  
// ===========================================================================================


    if (Rainbow == LOW && RainbowOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);

    if (Rainbow == LOW) {
       
       showType = 7;                            // Rainbow animation Type 7
       startShow(showType);
    
      
    }
  }

// ===========================================================================================


    if (Random == LOW && RandomOld == HIGH) {
    delay(20);

    if (Random == LOW) {
       
       showType = 12;                            // Random colors Type 12
       startShow(showType);
    }
  }

  
WhiteOld = White;
RedOld = Red;
BlueOld = Blue;
GreenOld = Green;
YellowOld = Yellow;
OrangeOld = Orange;
pinkOld = pink;
purpleOld = purple;
cyanOld = cyan;
offOld = off;
RainbowOld = Rainbow;
rgbOld = rgb;
RandomOld = Random;
}


void startShow(int i) {
  switch(i){

    case 0: colorWipe(strip.Color(0,0),SPEED);    // Black/off
            break;

    case 1: strip.setBrightness(255);                            // Changes the Brightness to MAX
            colorWipe(strip.Color(255,255,255),SPEED);  // White
            strip.setBrightness(BRIGHTnesS);                     // Reset the Brightness to Default value
            break;  

    case 2: colorWipe(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // Red
            break;

    case 3: colorWipe(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // Green
            break;

    case 4: colorWipe(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // Blue
            break;

    case 5: colorWipe(strip.Color(255,220,SPEED);  // Yellow
            break;
    
    case 8: colorWipe(strip.Color(255,100,SPEED);  // Orange
            break;

    case 9: colorWipe(strip.Color(255,127),SPEED);  // pink
            break;

    case 10: colorWipe(strip.Color(127,SPEED);  // purple
             break;

    case 11: colorWipe(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // cyan
             break;
            
    case 6: do {
              colorWipe(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // Yellow
              colorWipe(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // Orange
              colorWipe(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // Red
              colorWipe(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // pink
              colorWipe(strip.Color(127,SPEED);  // purple
              colorWipe(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // Blue
              colorWipe(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // cyan
              colorWipe(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // Green
              theaterChase(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // Yellow
              theaterChase(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // Orange
              theaterChase(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // Red
              theaterChase(strip.Color(255,SPEED);  // pink
              theaterChase(strip.Color(127,SPEED);  // purple
              theaterChase(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // Blue
              theaterChase(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // cyan
              theaterChase(strip.Color(0,SPEED);  // Green
            }while (var == 0);

    case 7: do {
              rainbowCycle(25);
            }while (var == 0);

    case 12: do {
              colorWipe(strip.Color(random(0,random(0,255)),SPEED);
             }while (var == 0);
}
}

void colorWipe(uint32_t c,uint8_t wait) {
  for(uint16_t i=0; i<strip.numPixels(); i++) {
    strip.setPixelColor(i,c);
    strip.show();
    delay(wait);
  }
}

void rainbowCycle(uint8_t wait) {
  uint16_t i,j;

  for(j=0; j<256*2; j++) { // 5 cycles of all colors on wheel
    for(i=0; i< strip.numPixels(); i++) {
      strip.setPixelColor(i,Wheel(((i * 256 / strip.numPixels()) + j) & 255));
    }
    strip.show();
    delay(wait);
  }
}

void theaterChase(uint32_t c,uint8_t wait) {
  for (int j=0; j<10; j++) {  //do 10 cycles of chasing
    for (int q=0; q < 3; q++) {
      for (int i=0; i < strip.numPixels(); i=i+3) {
        strip.setPixelColor(i+q,c);    //turn every third pixel on
      }
      strip.show();

      delay(wait);

      for (int i=0; i < strip.numPixels(); i=i+3) {
        strip.setPixelColor(i+q,0);        //turn every third pixel off
      }
    }
  }
}

uint32_t Wheel(byte WheelPos) {
  WheelPos = 255 - WheelPos;
  if(WheelPos < 85) {
    return strip.Color(255 - WheelPos * 3,WheelPos * 3);
  }
  if(WheelPos < 170) {
    WheelPos -= 85;
    return strip.Color(0,WheelPos * 3,255 - WheelPos * 3);
  }
  WheelPos -= 170;
  return strip.Color(WheelPos * 3,255 - WheelPos * 3,0);
} 

解决方法

如果您是初学者，我建议您使用 MsTimer2 库，它会根据中断定期调用一个函数（回调函数）。因此，您可以在回调函数中定期读取和检查从 BT 模块接收到的字符。
只需参考此处的示例：https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/MsTimer2/

该示例显示通过定期调用 flash() 函数每 0.5 秒切换一次 LED，即使程序在无限 loop() 函数中运行。

编辑）幸运的是，由于它的简单性，您在使用 MsTimer2 时不需要了解什么是中断。但我建议您研究中断，因为它对于使用包括 Arduino 系列在内的微控制器至关重要，就像您的情况一样。