直接使用 Future 或包装在异步移动块中的区别

问题描述

我想知道为什么将代码从直接在 Future 中使用 tokio::spawn 更改为使用 async move 块可以让代码编译。

直接使用:

struct ClientMsg {
    ...
    resp: oneshot::Sender<Bytes>,}

async fn client_thread(
    mut rx: Receiver<ClientMsg>,client: Client,) -> Result<(),Box<dyn Error>> {
    while let Some(msg) = rx.recv().await {
        ...
        let response = client.get(url).send().await?.bytes().await?;
        msg.resp.send(response).unwrap();
    }
    Ok(())
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(),Box<dyn Error>> {
    ...
    let (tx,rx) = mpsc::channel(5);
    tokio::spawn(client_thread(rx,client)); // <--- Difference is here

    Ok(())
}

异步块:

struct ClientMsg {
    ...
    resp: oneshot::Sender<Bytes>,rx) = mpsc::channel(5);
    tokio::spawn(async move { client_thread(rx,client) }); // <-- Difference is here

    Ok(())
}

注意以下use

use bytes::Bytes;
use reqwest::Client;

use tokio::sync::{
    mpsc::{self,Receiver},oneshot,};
use url::Url;

直接使用代码失败:

error[E0277]: `(dyn StdError + 'static)` cannot be sent between threads safely
   --> src/main.rs:44:5
    |
44  |     tokio::spawn(client_thread(rx,client,base_url));
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^ `(dyn StdError + 'static)` cannot be sent between threads safely
    | 
   ::: /home/jeanluc/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1ecc6299db9ec823/tokio-1.2.0/src/task/spawn.rs:130:20
    |
130 |         T::Output: Send + 'static,|                    ---- required by this bound in `tokio::spawn`
    |
    = help: the trait `Send` is not implemented for `(dyn StdError + 'static)`
    = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `Send` for `Unique<(dyn StdError + 'static)>`
    = note: required because it appears within the type `Box<(dyn StdError + 'static)>`
    = note: required because it appears within the type `std::result::Result<(),Box<(dyn StdError + 'static)>>`

client_thread 的返回类型与 main 函数完全相同,但是,它与 Tokio 一起运行没有任何问题。此外,error type from reqwest 实现了 Send

解决方法

将函数调用包装在 async {} 块中是行不通的。运行时,它调用创建未来的函数,然后返回它。它永远不会被轮询,所以它永远不会取得进展。直接使用它或与 .await 一起使用可确保它被轮询。

use futures::executor::block_on; // 0.3.12

async fn f(s: &str) {
    println!("ran {}",s);
}

fn main() {
    block_on(f("first"));
    block_on(async { f("second") }); // this doesn't print
    block_on(async { f("third").await });
}
ran first
ran third

由于未来不是持久化的,它最终不会影响 async {} 块的特征,因此可以是 Send.await 会再次出现同样的问题。


在您的情况下,您需要做的就是确保未来实现 Send,以便它可以使用 tokio::spawn 运行。修复方法是规定返回的 Error trait 实现 Send:

async fn client_thread(
    mut rx: Receiver<ClientMsg>,client: Client,) -> Result<(),Box<dyn Error + Send>> {
    // ...                    ^^^^^^
}

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