问题描述
我最近切换到 Visual Studio 代码并远离 arduino IDE，尽管我是这两个方面的新手。在使用 arduino ide 和 neopixel 库以及包含颜色擦除等动画的示例代码 (strandtest) 时，我遇到了声明错误。我已将该库安装到我正在处理的项目中，默认情况下它在 platformio.ini 文件中按预期声明。动画功能也在代码中，同样的代码在 Arduino IDE 中也能正常工作，如上所述。标准示例文件（即除了 strand test 之外的文件）工作正常，没有声明问题。
#include <Arduino.h>
// A basic everyday NeoPixel strip test program.
// NEOPIXEL BEST PRACTICES for most reliable operation:
// - Add 1000 uF CAPACITOR between NeoPixel strip's + and - connections.
// - MINIMIZE WIRING LENGTH between microcontroller board and first pixel.
// - NeoPixel strip's DATA-IN should pass through a 300-500 OHM RESISTOR.
// - AVOID connecting NeoPixels on a LIVE CIRCUIT. If you must,ALWAYS
// connect GROUND (-) first,then +,then data.
// - When using a 3.3V microcontroller with a 5V-powered NeoPixel strip,// a LOGIC-LEVEL CONVERTER on the data line is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED.
// (Skipping these may work OK on your workbench but can fail in the field)
#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#ifdef __AVR__
#include <avr/power.h> // required for 16 MHz Adafruit Trinket
#endif
// Which pin on the Arduino is connected to the NeoPixels?
// On a Trinket or Gemma we suggest changing this to 1:
#define LED_PIN 3
// How many NeoPixels are attached to the Arduino?
#define LED_COUNT 4
// Declare our NeoPixel strip object:
Adafruit_NeoPixel strip(LED_COUNT,LED_PIN,NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);
// Argument 1 = Number of pixels in NeoPixel strip
// Argument 2 = Arduino pin number (most are valid)
// Argument 3 = Pixel type flags,add together as needed:
// NEO_KHZ800 800 KHz bitstream (most NeoPixel products w/WS2812 LEDs)
// NEO_KHZ400 400 KHz (classic 'v1' (not v2) flora pixels,WS2811 drivers)
// NEO_GRB Pixels are wired for GRB bitstream (most NeoPixel products)
// NEO_RGB Pixels are wired for RGB bitstream (v1 flora pixels,not v2)
// NEO_RGBW Pixels are wired for RGBW bitstream (NeoPixel RGBW products)
// setup() function -- runs once at startup --------------------------------
void setup() {
// These lines are specifically to support the Adafruit Trinket 5V 16 MHz.
// Any other board,you can remove this part (but no harm leaving it):
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) && (F_cpu == 16000000)
clock_prescale_set(clock_div_1);
#endif
// END of Trinket-specific code.
strip.begin(); // INITIALIZE NeoPixel strip object (required)
strip.show(); // Turn OFF all pixels ASAP
strip.setBrightness(50); // Set BRIGHTnesS to about 1/5 (max = 255)
}
// loop() function -- runs repeatedly as long as board is on ---------------
void loop() {
// Fill along the length of the strip in varIoUs colors...
colorWipe(strip.Color(255,0),50); // Red
colorWipe(strip.Color( 0,255,50); // Green
colorWipe(strip.Color( 0,255),50); // Blue
// Do a theater marquee effect in varIoUs colors...
theaterChase(strip.Color(127,127,127),50); // White,half brightness
theaterChase(strip.Color(127,50); // Red,half brightness
theaterChase(strip.Color( 0,50); // Blue,half brightness
rainbow(10); // Flowing rainbow cycle along the whole strip
theaterChaseRainbow(50); // Rainbow-enhanced theaterChase variant
}
// Some functions of our own for creating animated effects -----------------
// Fill strip pixels one after another with a color. Strip is NOT cleared
// first; anything there will be covered pixel by pixel. Pass in color
// (as a single 'packed' 32-bit value,which you can get by calling
// strip.Color(red,green,blue) as shown in the loop() function above),// and a delay time (in milliseconds) between pixels.
void colorWipe(uint32_t color,int wait) {
for(int i=0; i<strip.numPixels(); i++) { // For each pixel in strip...
strip.setPixelColor(i,color); // Set pixel's color (in RAM)
strip.show(); // Update strip to match
delay(wait); // Pause for a moment
}
}
// Theater-marquee-style chasing lights. Pass in a color (32-bit value,// a la strip.Color(r,g,b) as mentioned above),and a delay time (in ms)
// between frames.
void theaterChase(uint32_t color,int wait) {
for(int a=0; a<10; a++) { // Repeat 10 times...
for(int b=0; b<3; b++) { // 'b' counts from 0 to 2...
strip.clear(); // Set all pixels in RAM to 0 (off)
// 'c' counts up from 'b' to end of strip in steps of 3...
for(int c=b; c<strip.numPixels(); c += 3) {
strip.setPixelColor(c,color); // Set pixel 'c' to value 'color'
}
strip.show(); // Update strip with new contents
delay(wait); // Pause for a moment
}
}
}
// Rainbow cycle along whole strip. Pass delay time (in ms) between frames.
void rainbow(int wait) {
// Hue of first pixel runs 5 complete loops through the color wheel.
// Color wheel has a range of 65536 but it's OK if we roll over,so
// just count from 0 to 5*65536. Adding 256 to firstPixelHue each time
// means we'll make 5*65536/256 = 1280 passes through this outer loop:
for(long firstPixelHue = 0; firstPixelHue < 5*65536; firstPixelHue += 256) {
for(int i=0; i<strip.numPixels(); i++) { // For each pixel in strip...
// Offset pixel hue by an amount to make one full revolution of the
// color wheel (range of 65536) along the length of the strip
// (strip.numPixels() steps):
int pixelHue = firstPixelHue + (i * 65536L / strip.numPixels());
// strip.ColorHSV() can take 1 or 3 arguments: a hue (0 to 65535) or
// optionally add saturation and value (brightness) (each 0 to 255).
// Here we're using just the single-argument hue variant. The result
// is passed through strip.gamma32() to provide 'truer' colors
// before assigning to each pixel:
strip.setPixelColor(i,strip.gamma32(strip.ColorHSV(pixelHue)));
}
strip.show(); // Update strip with new contents
delay(wait); // Pause for a moment
}
}
// Rainbow-enhanced theater marquee. Pass delay time (in ms) between frames.
void theaterChaseRainbow(int wait) {
int firstPixelHue = 0; // First pixel starts at red (hue 0)
for(int a=0; a<30; a++) { // Repeat 30 times...
for(int b=0; b<3; b++) { // 'b' counts from 0 to 2...
strip.clear(); // Set all pixels in RAM to 0 (off)
// 'c' counts up from 'b' to end of strip in increments of 3...
for(int c=b; c<strip.numPixels(); c += 3) {
// hue of pixel 'c' is offset by an amount to make one full
// revolution of the color wheel (range 65536) along the length
// of the strip (strip.numPixels() steps):
int hue = firstPixelHue + c * 65536L / strip.numPixels();
uint32_t color = strip.gamma32(strip.ColorHSV(hue)); // hue -> RGB
strip.setPixelColor(c,color); // Set pixel 'c' to value 'color'
}
strip.show(); // Update strip with new contents
delay(wait); // Pause for a moment
firstPixelHue += 65536 / 90; // One cycle of color wheel over 90 frames
}
}
}
我编译时遇到的错误如下。
> Executing task in folder led pir: C:\Users\Yeee\.platformio\penv\Scripts\pio.exe run --target upload <
Processing nanoatmega328new (platform: atmelavr; board: nanoatmega328new; framework: arduino)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v,--verbose` option
CONfigURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/atmelavr/nanoatmega328new.html
PLATFORM: Atmel AVR (3.1.0) > Arduino Nano ATmega328 (New Bootloader)
HARDWARE: ATMEGA328P 16MHz,2KB RAM,30KB Flash
DEBUG: Current (avr-stub) On-board (avr-stub,simavr)
PACKAGES:
- framework-arduino-avr 5.1.0
- tool-avrdude 1.60300.200527 (6.3.0)
- toolchain-atmelavr 1.50400.190710 (5.4.0)
LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/librarymanager/ldf.html
LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain,Compatibility ~ soft
Found 7 compatible libraries
Scanning dependencies...
Dependency Graph
|-- <Adafruit NeoPixel> 1.7.0
Building in release mode
Compiling .pio\build\nanoatmega328new\src\main.cpp.o
src\main.cpp: In function 'void loop()':
src\main.cpp:59:43: error: 'colorWipe' was not declared in this scope
colorWipe(strip.Color(255,50); // Red
^
src\main.cpp:64:46: error: 'theaterChase' was not declared in this scope
theaterChase(strip.Color(127,half brightness
^
src\main.cpp:68:13: error: 'rainbow' was not declared in this scope
rainbow(10); // Flowing rainbow cycle along the whole strip
^
src\main.cpp:69:25: error: 'theaterChaseRainbow' was not declared in this scope
theaterChaseRainbow(50); // Rainbow-enhanced theaterChase variant
^
src\main.cpp: In function 'void colorWipe(uint32_t,int)':
src\main.cpp:81:17: warning: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Wsign-compare]
for(int i=0; i<strip.numPixels(); i++) { // For each pixel in strip...
^
src\main.cpp: In function 'void theaterChase(uint32_t,int)':
src\main.cpp:96:21: warning: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Wsign-compare]
for(int c=b; c<strip.numPixels(); c += 3) {
^
src\main.cpp: In function 'void rainbow(int)':
src\main.cpp:112:19: warning: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Wsign-compare]
for(int i=0; i<strip.numPixels(); i++) { // For each pixel in strip...
^
src\main.cpp: In function 'void theaterChaseRainbow(int)':
src\main.cpp:136:21: warning: comparison between signed and unsigned integer expressions [-Wsign-compare]
for(int c=b; c<strip.numPixels(); c += 3) {
^
*** [.pio\build\nanoatmega328new\src\main.cpp.o] Error 1
================================================================================== [Failed] Took 1.30 seconds ==================================================================================
The terminal process "C:\Users\Yeee\.platformio\penv\Scripts\pio.exe 'run','--target','upload'" terminated with exit code: 1.
Terminal will be reused by tasks,press any key to close it.
解决方法
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