问题描述
如果问题已经回答，我真的很抱歉，我还没有找到正确的主题...... 我正在与 Pavlovia 和 Pyschopy 合作一个项目。
我希望我的参与者将鼠标光标保持在移动框（目标）内。 我正在记录数据，我想：
- 记录鼠标和目标的位置
- 计算每一帧中鼠标到目标中心的距离
- 计算鼠标开箱的频率
问题在第 1 步和第 2 步之间：
但我不能在 1 个文件中包含 4 列的位置（鼠标 x ；鼠标 y ；目标 x ；目标 y）
我的问题非常类似于：
但它无法正常工作
列表看起来像：
- 鼠标：[['x1','y1'],['x2','y2'],[...]]
- 目标：[['xA','yA'],['xB','yB'],[...]]
我想得到 [['x1',['xA',[...]]
但是当我可以加入列表时，我只会有类似的东西 [['x1',[...]] :-(
########## FILE 2 ###########
# data to be written row-wise in csv fil
data = MposList
#data = MposArr #######_csv.Error: iterable expected,not numpy.float64
# opening the csv file in 'a+' mode
file = open(mousefile,'a+',newline ='') ;
# writing the data into the file
with file:
# identifying header
header = ['Mouse at x','Mouse at Y']
writer = csv.DictWriter(file,fieldnames = header)
writer.writeheader()
write = csv.writer(file)
write.writerows(data)
########## FILE 3 ###########
# data to be written row-wise in csv fil
#Tdata = TposArr
Tdata = TposList
del Tdata[0]
del Tdata[0]
# opening the csv file in 'a+' mode
file = open(targetfile,newline ='') ;
# writing the data into the file
with file:
# identifying header
Theader = ['target at x','target at y']
writer = csv.DictWriter(file,fieldnames = Theader)
writer.writeheader()
write = csv.writer(file)
write.writerows(Tdata)
########## FILE 4 ###########
# data to be written row-wise in csv fil
#dataF = []
#dataF.append(mouse.getPos()).append(target.pos)
dataF = pd.DataFrame({'mouse x':mouse.getPos[0],'mouse y':mouse.getPos[1],'target x':target.pos[0],'target y':target.pos[1])
#print(dataF)
#data = MposArr #######_csv.Error: iterable expected,not numpy.float64
## opening the csv file in 'a+' mode
#file = open("combiner.csv",newline ='') ;
## writing the data into the file
#with file:
# # identifying header
# fheader = ['Mouse at x','Mouse at Y','target at x','target at y']
# writer = csv.DictWriter(file,fieldnames = fheader)
# writer.writeheader()
# write = csv.writer(file)
# write.writerows(dataF)
dataF.to_csv(combiner.csv,index=False)
整个代码是
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This experiment was created using PsychoPy3 Experiment Builder (v2020.2.10),on February 03,2021,at 21:08
If you publish work using this script the most relevant publication is:
Peirce J,Gray JR,Simpson S,MacAskill M,Höchenberger R,Sogo H,Kastman E,Lindeløv JK. (2019)
PsychoPy2: Experiments in behavior made easy Behav Res 51: 195.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import,division
from psychopy import locale_setup
from psychopy import prefs
from psychopy import sound,gui,visual,core,data,event,logging,clock
from psychopy.constants import (NOT_STARTED,STARTED,PLAYING,PAUSED,STOPPED,FINISHED,pressed,RELEASED,FOREVER)
import numpy as np # whole numpy lib is available,prepend 'np.'
from numpy import (sin,cos,tan,log,log10,pi,average,sqrt,std,deg2rad,rad2deg,linspace,asarray)
from numpy.random import random,randint,normal,shuffle
import os # handy system and path functions
import sys # to get file system encoding
import pandas as pd
from psychopy.hardware import keyboard
# Importing library
import csv
# Ensure that relative paths start from the same directory as this script
_thisDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
os.chdir(_thisDir)
# Store info about the experiment session
psychopyVersion = '2020.2.10'
expName = 'mouseANDtarget' # from the Builder filename that created this script
expInfo = {'participant': 'sun','session': '01A'}
#dlg = gui.DlgFromDict(dictionary=expInfo,sortKeys=False,title=expName)
#if dlg.OK == False:
# core.quit() # user pressed cancel
expInfo['date'] = data.getDatestr() # add a simple timestamp
expInfo['expName'] = expName
expInfo['psychopyVersion'] = psychopyVersion
## Data file name stem = absolute path + name; later add .psyexp,.csv,.log,etc
##filename = _thisDir + os.sep + u'data/%s_%s_%s' % (expInfo['participant'],expName,expInfo['date'])
filename = _thisDir + os.sep + u'data/%s_%s_%s' % (expInfo['participant'],expInfo['date'])
mousefilename = 'mousePosition_' + expInfo['participant'] + '_' + expInfo['session']+'_' + expInfo['date'];
mousefile = mousefilename + '.csv'
targetfilename ='targetPosition_' + expInfo['participant'] + '_' + expInfo['session'] +'_' + expInfo['date'];
targetfile = targetfilename + '.csv'
# An ExperimentHandler isn't essential but helps with data saving
thisExp = data.ExperimentHandler(name=expName,version='',extraInfo=expInfo,runtimeInfo=None,originPath='C:\\Users\\melis\\Desktop\\untitled.py',savePickle=True,saveWideText=True,dataFileName=filename)
# save a log file for detail verbose info
logFile = logging.LogFile(filename+'.log',level=logging.EXP)
logging.console.setLevel(logging.WARNING) # this outputs to the screen,not a file
endExpNow = False # flag for 'escape' or other condition => quit the exp
frametolerance = 0.001 # how close to onset before 'same' frame
# Start Code - component code to be run after the window creation
# Setup the Window
win = visual.Window(
size=(3840,2160),fullscr=True,screen=0,winType='pyglet',allowGUI=False,allowStencil=False,monitor='testMonitor',color=[0,0],colorSpace='rgb',blendMode='avg',useFBO=True,units='height') ################################################### size : 1024,769 // 3840,2160 & FullScreen=True
# store frame rate of monitor if we can measure it
expInfo['frameRate'] = win.getActualFrameRate()
if expInfo['frameRate'] != None:
frameDur = 1.0 / round(expInfo['frameRate'])
else:
frameDur = 1.0 / 60.0 # Could not measure,so guess
# create a default keyboard (e.g. to check for escape)
defaultKeyboard = keyboard.Keyboard()
# Initialize components for Routine "trial"
trialClock = core.Clock()
mouse = event.Mouse(win=win)
x,y = [None,None]
mouse.mouseClock = core.Clock()
MposList=[]
text = visual.TextStim(win=win,name='text',text='default text',font='Arial',pos=(0,0),height=0.1,wrapWidth=None,ori=0,color='white',opacity=1,languageStyle='LTR',depth=-3.0);
currentMousePos = visual.TextStim(win=win,name='currentMousePos',0.4),height=0.05,color='black',depth=-4.0);
TposList=[[],[]]
target = visual.Rect(
win=win,name='target',units='pix',width=(800,800)[0],height=(800,800)[1],linewidth=1,lineColor=[1,1,1],lineColorSpace='rgb',fillColor=[1,fillColorSpace='rgb',depth=0.0,interpolate=True)
currentTargetPos = visual.TextStim(win=win,name='currentTargetPos',0.6),depth=-4.0);
# Create some handy timers
globalClock = core.Clock() # to track the time since experiment started
routineTimer = core.CountdownTimer() # to track time remaining of each (non-slip) routine
# ------Prepare to start Routine "trial"-------
continueRoutine = True
routineTimer.add(120.000000) ############################### default 10
# update component parameters for each repeat
# setup some python lists for storing info about the mouse
gotValidClick = False # until a click is received
sameCount = 0
sameThresh = 300
sameWarning = 200
thisCol = "green"
# keep track of which components have finished
trialComponents = [mouse,text,currentMousePos,target,currentTargetPos]
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
thisComponent.tStart = None
thisComponent.tStop = None
thisComponent.tStartRefresh = None
thisComponent.tStopRefresh = None
if hasattr(thisComponent,'status'):
thisComponent.status = NOT_STARTED
# reset timers
t = 0
_timetoFirstFrame = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock="Now")
trialClock.reset(-_timetoFirstFrame) # t0 is time of first possible flip
frameN = -1
# -------Run Routine "trial"-------
while continueRoutine and routineTimer.getTime() > 0:
# get current time
t = trialClock.getTime()
tThisFlip = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=trialClock)
tThisFlipGlobal = win.getFutureFlipTime(clock=None)
frameN = frameN + 1 # number of completed frames (so 0 is the first frame)
# update/draw components on each frame
# *mouse* updates
if mouse.status == NOT_STARTED and t >= 0.0-frametolerance:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
mouse.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
mouse.tStart = t # local t and not account for scr refresh
mouse.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal # on global time
win.timeOnFlip(mouse,'tStartRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
mouse.status = STARTED
mouse.mouseClock.reset()
prevButtonState = mouse.getpressed() # if button is down already this ISN'T a new click
if mouse.status == STARTED:
# is it time to stop? (based on global clock,using actual start)
if tThisFlipGlobal > mouse.tStartRefresh + 10-frametolerance:
# keep track of stop time/frame for later
mouse.tStop = t # not accounting for scr refresh
mouse.frameNStop = frameN # exact frame index
win.timeOnFlip(mouse,'tStopRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
mouse.status = FINISHED
if mouse.status == STARTED: # only update if started and not finished!
buttons = mouse.getpressed()
if buttons != prevButtonState: # button state changed?
prevButtonState = buttons
if sum(buttons) > 0: # state changed to a new click
# abort routine on response
continueRoutine = False
MposList.append(mouse.getPos())
print("mmmmoooouuuuuussssee ",mouse.getPos())
Mpos = np.array(MposList)
MposArr = Mpos.ravel()
print("MOUSE type ",type(MposArr)) ############ MposArr
print("MOUSE dimension ",MposArr.ndim) ######### MposArr
if len(MposList) > 2:
if MposList[-1][0] == MposList[-2][0]:
if MposList[-1][1] == MposList[-2][1]:
#print('same')
sameCount += 1
else:
thisCol = "green"
sameCount = 0
if sameCount >= sameWarning:
thisCol = "red"
if sameCount >= sameThresh:
continueRoutine = False
print(" mouse not moved for " + str(sameCount)+ " frames. Ending experiment")
# *text* updates
if text.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frametolerance:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
text.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
text.tStart = t # local t and not account for scr refresh
text.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal # on global time
win.timeOnFlip(text,'tStartRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
text.setAutoDraw(True)
if text.status == STARTED:
# is it time to stop? (based on global clock,using actual start)
if tThisFlipGlobal > text.tStartRefresh + 10-frametolerance:
# keep track of stop time/frame for later
text.tStop = t # not accounting for scr refresh
text.frameNStop = frameN # exact frame index
win.timeOnFlip(text,'tStopRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
text.setAutoDraw(False)
if text.status == STARTED: # only update if drawing
text.setColor(thisCol,colorSpace='rgb')
text.setText("Mouse not moved for: " + str(sameCount) + " frames")
# *currentMousePos* updates
if currentMousePos.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frametolerance:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
currentMousePos.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
currentMousePos.tStart = t # local t and not account for scr refresh
currentMousePos.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal # on global time
win.timeOnFlip(currentMousePos,'tStartRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
currentMousePos.setAutoDraw(True)
if currentMousePos.status == STARTED:
# is it time to stop? (based on global clock,using actual start)
if tThisFlipGlobal > currentMousePos.tStartRefresh + 10-frametolerance:
# keep track of stop time/frame for later
currentMousePos.tStop = t # not accounting for scr refresh
currentMousePos.frameNStop = frameN # exact frame index
win.timeOnFlip(currentMousePos,'tStopRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
currentMousePos.setAutoDraw(False)
if currentMousePos.status == STARTED: # only update if drawing
currentMousePos.setText("Current pos: " +str(mouse.getPos()))
# *target* updates
if target.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frametolerance:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
target.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
target.tStart = t # local t and not account for scr refresh
target.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal # on global time
win.timeOnFlip(target,'tStartRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
target.setAutoDraw(True)
if target.status == STARTED:
# is it time to stop? (based on global clock,using actual start)
if tThisFlipGlobal > target.tStartRefresh + 10-frametolerance:
# keep track of stop time/frame for later
target.tStop = t # not accounting for scr refresh
target.frameNStop = frameN # exact frame index
win.timeOnFlip(target,'tStopRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
target.setAutoDraw(False)
#TposList.append([target.pos[0],target.pos[1]])
TposList.append(target.pos)
#del TposList[0]
print('taaaaggggeeett',target.pos)
#print("target dimension ",TposList.ndim)
TposArr = np.array(TposList)
print("TARGET type ",type(TposArr))
print("TARGET dimension ",TposArr.ndim)
#print('0=',TposList[0],'et 1=',TposList[1],'et 2=',TposList[2])
# *currentTargetPos* updates
if currentTargetPos.status == NOT_STARTED and tThisFlip >= 0.0-frametolerance:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
currentTargetPos.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
currentTargetPos.tStart = t # local t and not account for scr refresh
currentTargetPos.tStartRefresh = tThisFlipGlobal # on global time
win.timeOnFlip(currentTargetPos,'tStartRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
currentTargetPos.setAutoDraw(True)
if currentTargetPos.status == STARTED:
# is it time to stop? (based on global clock,using actual start)
if tThisFlipGlobal > currentTargetPos.tStartRefresh + 10-frametolerance:
# keep track of stop time/frame for later
currentTargetPos.tStop = t # not accounting for scr refresh
currentTargetPos.frameNStop = frameN # exact frame index
win.timeOnFlip(currentTargetPos,'tStopRefresh') # time at next scr refresh
currentTargetPos.setAutoDraw(False)
if currentTargetPos.status == STARTED: # only update if drawing
Tpx = str(target.pos[0])
Tpy = str(target.pos[1])
targetPosition = 'Current target pos: x ='+Tpx+' et y = '+Tpy
currentTargetPos.setText(targetPosition)
################### count(mouse x) pour compter le nombre de ligne (pour la moyenne)
# check for quit (typically the Esc key)
if endExpNow or defaultKeyboard.getKeys(keyList=["escape"]):
core.quit()
# check if all components have finished
if not continueRoutine: # a component has requested a forced-end of Routine
break
continueRoutine = False # will revert to True if at least one component still running
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
if hasattr(thisComponent,"status") and thisComponent.status != FINISHED:
continueRoutine = True
break # at least one component has not yet finished
# refresh the screen
if continueRoutine: # don't flip if this routine is over or we'll get a blank screen
win.flip()
# -------Ending Routine "trial"-------
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
if hasattr(thisComponent,"setAutoDraw"):
thisComponent.setAutoDraw(False)
# store data for thisExp (ExperimentHandler)
###############################################################
x,y = mouse.getPos()
buttons = mouse.getpressed()
thisExp.addData('last x',x)
thisExp.addData('last y',y)
#thisExp.addData('mouse.leftButton',buttons[0])
#thisExp.addData('mouse.midButton',buttons[1])
#thisExp.addData('mouse.rightButton',buttons[2])
#thisExp.addData('mouse.started',mouse.tStart)
#thisExp.addData('mouse.stopped',mouse.tStop)
thisExp.addData('x',MposList)
thisExp.nextEntry()
print('MOUSE LIST',MposList)
print('MOUSE ARRAY',MposArr)
#print('last mouse position',MposList[-1][0],MposList[-1][1])
print('last mouse position',MposList [-1][0],MposList[-1][1])
print('TARGET LIST',TposList)
print('TARGET ARRAY',TposArr)
#thisExp.addData('text.started',text.tStartRefresh)
#thisExp.addData('text.stopped',text.tStopRefresh)
#thisExp.addData('currentMousePos.started',currentMousePos.tStartRefresh)
#thisExp.addData('currentMousePos.stopped',currentMousePos.tStopRefresh)
thisExp.addData('target.started',target.tStartRefresh)
thisExp.addData('target.stopped',target.tStopRefresh)
###################################################################################################
########## FILE 2 ###########
# data to be written row-wise in csv fil
data = MposList
#data = MposArr #######_csv.Error: iterable expected,index=False)
# Flip one final time so any remaining win.callOnFlip()
# and win.timeOnFlip() tasks get executed before quitting
win.flip()
# these shouldn't be strictly necessary (should auto-save)
thisExp.saveAsWideText('filename'+'.csv',delim='auto')
thisExp.saveAsPickle(filename)
logging.flush()
# make sure everything is closed down
thisExp.abort() # or data files will save again on exit
win.close()
core.quit()
我想我不明白二维列表是如何工作的，但我已经阅读了很多课程和教程，但我没有诀窍:(
谢谢
编辑：
这是我的结果：
[item for sublist in zip(Mouse,Target) for item in sublist]
所以，我想，我需要 [['x1','y1','xA','y2','xB',[...]]
编辑2： 感谢 Akshay Sengal ！
解决方法
您可以使用 Get-Process -IncludeUserName | Select-Object -Unique | Where-Object {$_.UserName -notlike 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM' -and $_.UserName -notlike 'NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE' -and $_.UserName -notlike 'NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE'} | Format-Table -Wrap -AutoSize
执行此操作，然后将其展平以取回项目。您可以按元素压缩 2 个列表（两个列表的相应元素一起添加到元组中。
张贴您可以使用 zip，它可以让您flatten 并将元组分解为相应的项目。
列出这个 -
[item for sublist in list for item in sublist]Mouse = [['x1','y1'],['x2','y2']]
Target = [['xA','yA'],['xB','yB']]
[item for sublist in zip(Mouse,Target) for item in sublist]
编辑：
根据您更新的问题，您可以这样做 -
[['x1',['xA','y2'],'yB']]
Mouse = [['x1','yB']]
out = [i+j for i,j in zip(Mouse,Target)]
out
只为那些想要测试我的代码的人，组合文件使用 i[0],i[1],j[0],j[1] 代替 i+j
#data to be written row-wise in csv file
dataF = [[i[0],j[1],k,abs(i[0]-j[0]),abs(i[1]-j[1])] for i,j,k in zip(MposList,Tdata,mIOt)]
列表的类型/维度不适用于普通代码，我添加了 x 和 y