Appium 测试失败：java.lang.NullPointerException

问题描述

我正在尝试按照 POM（页面对象模型）自动化 android 应用程序。运行 test1.java 后测试失败，出现 NullPointerException

我有一个包含设置和拆卸方法的 baseclass.java

package Tests;

import java.net.URL;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
import io.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

public class BaseClass {

    public AppiumDriver<MobileElement> driver;

    @BeforeTest
    public void setup() {

        try {
            DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();

            caps.setCapability("platformName","Android");
            caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION,"10");
            caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"emulator-55546");
            caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID,"");
            caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.NEW_COMMAND_TIMEOUT,60);
            caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP,"");
            caps.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.broWSER_NAME,"");
            caps.setCapability("appPackage","com.google.android.calculator");
            caps.setCapability("appActivity","com.android.calculator2.Calculator");


            URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");
            driver = new AppiumDriver<MobileElement>(url,caps);
            //      For browser URL Get
            //      driver.get("http://www.ally.com");
            //      driver.close();
        }

        catch(Exception exp){
            System.out.println("Cause is :"+exp.getCause());
            System.out.println("Message is :"+exp.getMessage());
            exp.printstacktrace();

        }
    }

    @AfterSuite
    public void teardown() {
        driver.quit();

    }

}

由 test1.java 扩展，它是实际的测试用例文件

package Tests;

import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import Pages.calculator1;

public class test1 extends BaseClass{

    calculator1 calculator1;

    @Test
    public void sampletest() {
        calculator1 = new calculator1(driver);
        calculator1.number1();
        calculator1.plus();
        calculator1.number2();
        

    }

}

最后，我有calculator1.java，它将包含定位器和方法

package Pages;

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;

public class calculator1 {
    AppiumDriver<MobileElement> driver;

    public calculator1(AppiumDriver<MobileElement> driver)
    {
        this.driver=driver;
    }

    //ALL LINKS AND BUTTONS
    MobileElement el1 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementById("com.google.android.calculator:id/digit_7");
    public void number1()
    {
        el1.click();
    }

    MobileElement el2 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("plus");
    public void plus()
    {
        el2.click();
    }
    MobileElement el3 = (MobileElement) driver.findElementById("com.google.android.calculator:id/digit_8");
    public void number2()
    {
        el2.click();
    }


}

运行 test1.java 作为 testng testcase 后得到以下错误：

Failed: sampletest
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at Pages.calculator1.<init>(calculator1.java:15)
    at Tests.test1.sampletest(test1.java:12)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:132)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeMethod(TestInvoker.java:599)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethod(TestInvoker.java:174)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodRunner.runInSequence(MethodRunner.java:46)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker$MethodInvocationAgent.invoke(TestInvoker.java:822)
    at org.testng.internal.TestInvoker.invokeTestMethods(TestInvoker.java:147)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:146)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:128)
    at java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1257)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:764)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:585)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:384)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:378)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:337)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:286)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:53)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:96)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1218)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1140)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1069)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1037)
    at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:115)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:251)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:77)

解决方法

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