问题描述
我的解决方案： 我扩展了我在 stackoverflow.com 中找到的一个非常好的示例： How to create a self resizing grid of buttons in tkinter? 如何在 tkinter 中创建一个自我调整大小的按钮网格
另外的问题是如何调整按钮网格的大小 如果它们包含您还想调整大小的图像？ 我使用的技术需要改变图像大小 当窗口大小改变时成比例。
请注意，我将文本作为图像包含在内以演示该过程并避免检查中需要额外的图像文件。
屏幕截图：
放大的网格显示
我的独立示例代码：
# grid_resize_image.py
"""
I extended a very nice example I found in stackoverflow.com:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7591294/
how-to-create-a-self-resizing-grid-of-buttons-in-tkinter
The additional problem is how to resize the grid of buttons
if they contain images which you also want resized?
The technique I used requires changing the image sizes
proportionally when the window size changes.
The process goes as follows:
1. Window size changes causing a <Configure> event,which is
bound to win_size_event.
2. If win_size_event determines that the button's image size
has changed sufficiently,resize_grid function
is called.
3. resize_grid is responsible for altering the buttons
A. resize_grid checks if the resizing of the buttons will
exceed the target change in window size. If so,the size
the changing is stopped to avoid runaway window resising.
B. resize_grid reconfigures the buttons appropriately
The window size to button image size is calculated (roughly)
by function get_btn_image_size.
"""
import os
import math
from tkinter import *
from PIL import ImageTk,Image # Expecting Pillow,# installed under same name
def sign(x):
""" sign - from stackoverflow suggestion
:x: value to take sign and return 1 for positive,-1 neg
"""
return math.copysign(1,x)
class ImageGrid:
def __init__(self,master=None,image_infos=None,nrow=5,ncol=5,btn_pad_x=1,btn_pad_y=1,btn_bd=1):
""" display a grid of images
:master: master window/frame default: Tk()
:image_infos: list of images or (text,image) tuples
required
:nrow: number of rows
:ncol: number of columns
"""
if master is None:
master = Tk()
self.master = master
self.image_infos = image_infos
self.nrow = nrow
self.ncol = ncol
self.btn_pad_x = btn_pad_x # Adjustments
self.btn_pad_y = btn_pad_y
btn_size_x = btn_size_y = 40 # Initial button size
self.btn_bd = btn_bd
self.btn_infos = {} # Storage [irow,icol}
# of (btn,base_image)
self.img_change_target = None # Target image (width_chg,height_chg)
self.prev_img_size = None # (img_width,img_height)
self.master.rowconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.master.columnconfigure(0,weight=1)
self.grid_frame=Frame(master) #Create & Configure frame
self.grid_frame.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky=N+S+E+W)
btn_font=('arial',12,'bold')
self.btn_images = {} # References(by label) to btn photo images
i_image = -1 # Index through image_infos
for row_index in range(nrow):
self.grid_frame.rowconfigure(row_index,weight=1)
for col_index in range(ncol):
self.grid_frame.columnconfigure(col_index,weight=1)
i_image += 1
if i_image >= len(image_infos):
break # stop at end of images
image_info = image_infos[i_image]
if isinstance(image_info,tuple):
btn_label = image_info[0] # (label,image) list
base_image = image_info[1]
else:
btn_label = f"({row_index},{col_index})" # image list
base_image = image_info
scaled_image = base_image.resize((int(btn_size_x),int(btn_size_y)))
btn_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(master=self.master,image=scaled_image)
self.btn_images[btn_label] = btn_image # save reference
self.grid_frame.columnconfigure(col_index,weight=1)
display_text = f"{btn_label}" # for command display
btn = Button(self.grid_frame,text = btn_label,font = btn_font,image = btn_image,compound = BottOM,# image below text
command = lambda txt = display_text : self.cmd(txt))
btn.grid(row=row_index,column=col_index,sticky=N+S+E+W)
self.btn_infos[row_index,col_index] = (btn,base_image)
self.master.update()
self.grid_frame.bind('<Configure>',self.win_size_event)
def cmd(self,text):
print(f"{text} button clicked")
def resize_grid(self):
""" Change image sizes so that new grid size
approximates the new window size
Lots of the debugging print calls are left in
for educational purposes.
"""
win_width,win_height = self.win_width,self.win_height
img_width,img_height = self.get_btn_image_size(
win_width,win_height)
print(f"resize_grid: win:{win_width}x{win_height} img:{img_width}x{img_height}")
if self.prev_img_size is None:
self.prev_img_size = (img_width,img_height)
prev_width,prev_height = self.prev_img_size
width_change = img_width - prev_width
height_change = img_height - prev_height
if self.img_change_target is None:
print(f" new change_target: {width_change}x{height_change}")
self.img_change_target = (width_change,height_change)
width_change_target,height_change_target = self.img_change_target
print(f" WxH target:{width_change_target}x{height_change_target}")
print(f" WxH change:{width_change}x{height_change}")
if (sign(width_change) == sign(width_change_target)
and abs(width_change) > abs(width_change_target)
and sign(height_change) == sign(height_change_target)
and abs(height_change) > abs(height_change_target)):
self.prev_img_size = (img_width,img_height)
print(f" target made - stop resize")
print(f" new={img_width}x{img_height} prev={prev_width}x{prev_height}\n")
return # Met our goal - no more resizing
print(f" resize to: btn_w={img_width} btn_h={img_height}")
font_height = int(max(12,min(15,img_height/5)))
btn_font=('arial',int(-font_height),'bold')
for row_index in range(self.nrow):
for col_index in range(ncol):
imo_key = (row_index,col_index)
if not imo_key in self.btn_infos:
continue
btn,base_image = self.btn_infos[imo_key]
label = btn.cget('text')
scaled_image = base_image.resize((img_width,img_height))
btn_image = ImageTk.PhotoImage(master=self.master,image=scaled_image)
self.btn_images[label] = btn_image
btn.config(text=label,font=btn_font,image=btn_image) # store new image
self.img_change_target = (width_change,height_change)
print(f" new change_target: {width_change}x{height_change}")
def win_size_event(self,event):
""" Window sizing event
"""
min_chg = 0 # Minimum change recognizable
self.win_width = win_width = self.master.winfo_width()
self.win_height = win_height = self.master.winfo_height()
img_width,win_height)
print(f"win_size_event: win:{win_width}x{win_height} img:{img_width}x{img_height}")
if self.prev_img_size is None:
self.prev_img_size = (img_width,prev_height = self.prev_img_size
width_change = img_width - prev_width
height_change = img_height - prev_height
if (abs(width_change) >= min_chg
or abs(height_change) >= min_chg):
self.resize_grid()
print(" win_size_event - End")
def get_btn_image_size(self,win_width=None,win_height=None):
""" Calculate button's image size based on
window size and number of button rows,columns
:win_width: window width (pixels)
default: get from window
:win_height: window height
default: get from window
:returns: (x_size,y_size) in pixels
"""
text_height = 10
if win_width is None:
win_width = self.win_width
if win_height is None:
win_height = self.win_height
btn_size_x_raw = win_width/self.ncol - self.btn_bd
btn_size_x = btn_size_x_raw - self.btn_pad_x
btn_image_size_x = btn_size_x
btn_size_y_raw = win_height/self.nrow - self.btn_bd
btn_size_y = btn_size_y_raw
btn_image_size_y = btn_size_y - text_height
return (int(btn_image_size_x),int(btn_image_size_y))
def mainloop(self):
self.master.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
""" Create some example images without resorting to
to other files. I use text images because they are
recognizable.
"""
from PIL import ImageTk,Image
from PIL import ImageDraw,ImageFont
def pixel2point(px):
""" Convert pixels to point size
"""
pt = int(72./96.*px)
return pt
def make_text_image(text,text_color="blue"):
""" make image of text
:text: text string
:returns: image (Image)
"""
text_size = 100
font_size = pixel2point(text_size)
text_font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf",size=font_size)
image = Image.new("RGB",(text_size,text_size),(255,255,255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image) # Setup ImageDraw access
draw.text((0,0),text,fill=text_color,font=text_font)
#text_images[text] = image
return image
nrow = 5
ncol = 6
image_infos = []
for i in range(nrow*ncol):
ch = chr(ord("A")+i)
image = make_text_image(ch)
image_infos.append((ch,image))
ig = ImageGrid(image_infos=image_infos,nrow=nrow,ncol=ncol)
ig.mainloop()
解决方法
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