如何在 CMake 中预构建库

问题描述

我一直在学习 CMake，但在库 Catch2 方面一直存在构建问题。

我使用 Qt 作为我的 IDE，并通过 Qt 维护工具下载了 Qt6 和 MinGW 8。

我的问题似乎是在编译期间我的包含 Catch2 的 test/main.cpp 膨胀到编译器错误的程度。

14:57:22: Running steps for project CMakeTestbed...
14:57:22: Starting: "<dir>\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" --build . --target all
[0/1 ?/sec] Re-running CMake...
-- Could NOT find Vulkan (missing: Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIR) 
-- Using the single-header code from <dir>/build-CMakeTestbed-Desktop_Qt_6_0_0_MinGW_64_bit-Debug/_deps/json-src/single_include/
-- Version: 7.1.3
-- Build type: Debug
-- CXX_STANDARD: 17
-- required features: cxx_variadic_templates
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: <dir>/build-CMakeTestbed-Desktop_Qt_6_0_0_MinGW_64_bit-Debug
[1/17 3.7/sec] Automatic MOC and UIC for target fmt
[2/15 5.6/sec] Automatic MOC and UIC for target Catch2WithMain
[3/14 6.8/sec] Automatic MOC and UIC for target CMakeTestbedLib
[4/12 3.6/sec] Automatic MOC and UIC for target CMakeTestbed
[5/10 4.5/sec] Automatic MOC and UIC for target Tests
[6/9 0.4/sec] Building CXX object _deps/catch2-build/CMakeFiles/Catch2WithMain.dir/src/catch_with_main.cpp.obj
Failed: _deps/catch2-build/CMakeFiles/Catch2WithMain.dir/src/catch_with_main.cpp.obj 
C:\Qt\Tools\mingw810_64\bin\g++.exe   -I_deps/catch2-build -I_deps/catch2-src -I_deps/catch2-build/Catch2WithMain_autogen/include -I_deps/json-src/include -I_deps/fmt-src/include -I_deps/catch2-src/single_include -g   -std=gnu++17 -MD -MT _deps/catch2-build/CMakeFiles/Catch2WithMain.dir/src/catch_with_main.cpp.obj -MF _deps\catch2-build\CMakeFiles\Catch2WithMain.dir\src\catch_with_main.cpp.obj.d -o _deps/catch2-build/CMakeFiles/Catch2WithMain.dir/src/catch_with_main.cpp.obj -c _deps/catch2-src/src/catch_with_main.cpp
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/as.exe: _deps/catch2-build/CMakeFiles/Catch2WithMain.dir/src/catch_with_main.cpp.obj: too many sections (32805)
<dir>\AppData\Local\Temp\ccE30B5r.s: Assembler messages:
<dir>\AppData\Local\Temp\ccE30B5r.s: Fatal error: can't write 233 bytes to section .text of _deps/catch2-build/CMakeFiles/Catch2WithMain.dir/src/catch_with_main.cpp.obj: 'File too big'
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/as.exe: _deps/catch2-build/CMakeFiles/Catch2WithMain.dir/src/catch_with_main.cpp.obj: too many sections (32805)
<dir>\AppData\Local\Temp\ccE30B5r.s: Fatal error: can't close _deps/catch2-build/CMakeFiles/Catch2WithMain.dir/src/catch_with_main.cpp.obj: File too big
[7/9 0.4/sec] Building CXX object test/CMakeFiles/Tests.dir/main.cpp.obj
Failed: test/CMakeFiles/Tests.dir/main.cpp.obj 
C:\Qt\Tools\mingw810_64\bin\g++.exe  -DFMT_LOCALE -DJSON_USE_IMPLICIT_CONVERSIONS=1 -Itest -I"<dir>/CMakeTestbed/test" -Itest/Tests_autogen/include -I_deps/json-src/include -I_deps/fmt-src/include -I_deps/catch2-src/single_include -I"<dir>/CMakeTestbed/test/../libs" -I"<dir>/CMakeTestbed/test/../src" -I_deps/json-src/single_include -g   -std=gnu++17 -MD -MT test/CMakeFiles/Tests.dir/main.cpp.obj -MF test\CMakeFiles\Tests.dir\main.cpp.obj.d -o test/CMakeFiles/Tests.dir/main.cpp.obj -c "<dir>/CMakeTestbed/test/main.cpp"
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/as.exe: test/CMakeFiles/Tests.dir/main.cpp.obj: too many sections (32805)
<dir>\AppData\Local\Temp\ccARyb79.s: Assembler messages:
<dir>\AppData\Local\Temp\ccARyb79.s: Fatal error: can't write 233 bytes to section .text of test/CMakeFiles/Tests.dir/main.cpp.obj: 'File too big'
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/8.1.0/../../../../x86_64-w64-mingw32/bin/as.exe: test/CMakeFiles/Tests.dir/main.cpp.obj: too many sections (32805)
<dir>\AppData\Local\Temp\ccARyb79.s: Fatal error: can't close test/CMakeFiles/Tests.dir/main.cpp.obj: File too big
ninja: build stopped: subcommand Failed.
14:57:49: The process "C:\Program Files\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" exited with code 1.
Error while building/deploying project CMakeTestbed (kit: Desktop Qt 6.0.0 MinGW 64-bit)
When executing step "Build"

这些问题只发生在调试版本中，所以我相信大量模板和调试符号的组合正在达到一些 MinGW 编译器阈值......

我正在尝试类似的东西

target_compile_options(Tests
    -Wa
    -mbig-obj
)

（似乎实际上不是有效的 CMake，也尝试不使用“-”，无论如何，这并不能解决问题，只是将其隐藏...）

但在我看来，最好的选择是在发行版中预编译库（我不需要调试 Catch2 内部，如果我正在调试，那是因为我正在调查一个损坏的测试，我不应该需要 lib 内部的肮脏细节来做到这一点吗？）

我在这里 https://github.com/SebastianTroy/CMakeTestbed有一个最小的工作示例。

这里感兴趣的主要文件是：

catch2.cmake（来自 https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/blob/v2.x/docs/cmake-integration.md#cmake-target）
test/CMakeLists.txt（包括 Catch2）
test/main.cpp（编译失败的单元）

我真的很感激在强制 CMake 以比目标更高的优化标志预编译库（以完全防止这个问题）方面的帮助，我会满足于告诉编译器忽略过大文件（只是回避问题）

解决方法

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c++catch2 cmake compiler-errors