问题描述
我在让 websocket 为我在 Heroku 上的 Django 中构建的聊天应用程序工作时遇到了很多问题。大多数stackoverflow帖子在他们的procfile中使用daphne而不是gunicorn，所以我最近切换到使用daphne。 第一个问题：有谁知道我是否真的需要使用达芙妮？或者有没有办法让 websockets 使用 gunicorn 在 Heroku 上工作？
自从切换到 daphne 后，我的应用程序在我的本地网络服务器上运行，但是当我推送到 heroku 时，我的应用程序崩溃并出现此错误：
django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady: Apps aren't loaded yet.
我尝试了许多针对类似 stackoverflow 问题提出的解决方案，但都没有奏效。这似乎与我的 Settings.py、procfile 或 asgi.py 文件有关。
asgi.py
# mysite/asgi.py
import os
import django
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter,URLRouter,get_default_application
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
import chat.routing
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE","django_project.settings")
django.setup()
# startapp = get_default_application() #todo: confirm why app doesn't crash if this is commented out... this is called from procfile
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({ #
"http": get_asgi_application(),# Todo: CONFIRM http vs https
"websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
URLRouter(
chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns
)
),})
release: python manage.py migrate
web: daphne django_project.asgi:application --port $PORT --bind 0.0.0.0 -v2
worker: python3 manage.py runworker channel_layer -v2
settings.py
import django
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
import os
import django_heroku
# setup(needed for daphne)
SECRET_KEY = 'seckey...' #todo: test removing this in own deployment
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE","django_project.settings")
# application = get_wsgi_application()
# Security WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
#SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY')
# Security WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = 'True'
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*','localhost','127.0.0.1']
# Application deFinition
# Allows Django to look for models (for Databases)
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'blog.apps.BlogConfig',#allows Django to correctly search your templates for the 'blog' app
'users.apps.UsersConfig','crispy_forms','chat','channels','dal','dal_select2','django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages',# 'django_messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','storages'
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',]
ROOT_URLconf = 'django_project.urls'
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','Dirs': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'')],'APP_Dirs': True,'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],# 'libraries': {
# 'staticfiles':'chat.templatetags.__init__.py'
# }
},},]
SETTINGS_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'../templates').replace('\\','/')
TEMPLATE_Dirs = (
os.path.join(SETTINGS_PATH,'blog/templates'),# Django will look at the templates from templates/ directory under your project
)
# ~~~MESSAGES CONfig~~~
Wsgi_APPLICATION = 'django_project.wsgi.application'
Asgi_APPLICATION = 'django_project.asgi.application' # older version of django: 'django_project.routing.application'
# Channels redis config:
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer','CONfig': {
#"hosts": [('127.0.0.1',6379)],or 'redis' #l ocal
"hosts": ['rediss://:p628bf20dab326cedb30d4df129e9691dbb6e7e1f4486954eadbfdf77db854369@ec2-34-235-242-69.compute-1.amazonaws.com:25180'],# REdis_TLS_URL #todo: confirm. Changed from "127.0.0.1" to 'redis'... found promising answer,changing this
# 'redis://:p628bf20dab326cedb30d4df129e9691dbb6e7e1f4486954eadbfdf77db854369@ec2-34-235-242-69.compute-1.amazonaws.com:25179' REdis_URL
},"ROUTING": "chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns",#todo: add "ROUTING": "chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns",}
CACHES = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "redis_cache.RedisCache","LOCATION": os.environ.get('REdis_TLS_URL'),"OPTIONS": {
"CONNECTION_POOL_kwargs": {
"ssl_cert_reqs": False
}
}
}
}
# Use Postgrest Database in Shrouded-Inlet
DB_URL = os.environ['DATABASE_URL']
DATABASE_URL = DB_URL
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Los_Angeles'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'staticfiles')
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap4'
django_heroku.settings(locals())
DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FIELDS = 4000
STATICFILES_Dirs = [
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'staticfilescustom') #todo: may have to add own staticFileDir folder
]
Heroku 日志：
"/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py",line 48,in <module>
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191111+00:00 app[web.1]: class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191120+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py",line 108,in __new__
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191258+00:00 app[web.1]: app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191262+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py",line 253,in get_containing_app_config
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191417+00:00 app[web.1]: self.check_apps_ready()
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191418+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py",line 135,in check_apps_ready
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191540+00:00 app[web.1]: settings.INSTALLED_APPS
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191540+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py",line 82,in __getattr__
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191668+00:00 app[web.1]: self._setup(name)
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191669+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py",line 69,in _setup
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191796+00:00 app[web.1]: self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191797+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py",line 170,in __init__
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191927+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
2021-03-24T00:09:27.191928+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py",line 126,in import_module
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192056+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:],package,level)
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192057+00:00 app[web.1]: File "./django_project/settings.py",line 204,in <module>
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192203+00:00 app[web.1]: django.setup()
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192203+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py",line 24,in setup
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192317+00:00 app[web.1]: apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192318+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py",line 114,in populate
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192433+00:00 app[web.1]: app_config.import_models()
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192434+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py",line 211,in import_models
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192592+00:00 app[web.1]: self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192593+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py",in import_module
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192717+00:00 app[web.1]: return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:],level)
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192718+00:00 app[web.1]: File "./blog/models.py",line 3,in <module>
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192815+00:00 app[web.1]: from django.contrib.auth.models import User
2021-03-24T00:09:27.192819+00:00 app[web.1]: ImportError: cannot import name 'User'
2021-03-24T00:09:27.937262+00:00 heroku[worker.1]: State changed from starting to up
2021-03-24T00:09:32.877569+00:00 app[worker.1]: Running worker for channels ['channel_layer']
2021-03-24T00:09:32.950161+00:00 app[worker.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2021-03-24T00:09:32.951479+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "manage.py",line 15,in <module>
2021-03-24T00:09:32.952190+00:00 app[worker.1]: execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.952266+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py",line 401,in execute_from_command_line
2021-03-24T00:09:32.952874+00:00 app[worker.1]: utility.execute()
2021-03-24T00:09:32.952963+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py",line 395,in execute
2021-03-24T00:09:32.953514+00:00 app[worker.1]: self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.953607+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py",line 330,in run_from_argv
2021-03-24T00:09:32.954188+00:00 app[worker.1]: self.execute(*args,**cmd_options)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.954413+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py",line 371,in execute
2021-03-24T00:09:32.954896+00:00 app[worker.1]: output = self.handle(*args,**options)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.955486+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/management/commands/runworker.py",line 46,in handle
2021-03-24T00:09:32.955801+00:00 app[worker.1]: worker.run()
2021-03-24T00:09:32.956071+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/asgiref/server.py",line 62,in run
2021-03-24T00:09:32.956383+00:00 app[worker.1]: event_loop.run_until_complete(self.handle())
2021-03-24T00:09:32.956455+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/asyncio/base_events.py",line 488,in run_until_complete
2021-03-24T00:09:32.957118+00:00 app[worker.1]: return future.result()
2021-03-24T00:09:32.957514+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/worker.py",line 30,in handle
2021-03-24T00:09:32.957810+00:00 app[worker.1]: [listener.result() for listener in listeners]
2021-03-24T00:09:32.958233+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/worker.py",in <listcomp>
2021-03-24T00:09:32.959151+00:00 app[worker.1]: [listener.result() for listener in listeners]
2021-03-24T00:09:32.959234+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels/worker.py",line 37,in listener
2021-03-24T00:09:32.959589+00:00 app[worker.1]: message = await self.channel_layer.receive(channel)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.959659+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels_redis/core.py",line 501,in receive
2021-03-24T00:09:32.960387+00:00 app[worker.1]: return (await self.receive_single(channel))[1]
2021-03-24T00:09:32.960664+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels_redis/core.py",line 524,in receive_single
2021-03-24T00:09:32.961154+00:00 app[worker.1]: index,channel_key,timeout=self.brpop_timeout
2021-03-24T00:09:32.961341+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels_redis/core.py",line 356,in _brpop_with_clean
2021-03-24T00:09:32.961891+00:00 app[worker.1]: async with self.connection(index) as connection:
2021-03-24T00:09:32.962103+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels_redis/core.py",line 884,in __aenter__
2021-03-24T00:09:32.963869+00:00 app[worker.1]: self.conn = await self.pool.pop()
2021-03-24T00:09:32.963943+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/channels_redis/core.py",line 80,in pop
2021-03-24T00:09:32.964279+00:00 app[worker.1]: conn = await aioredis.create_redis(**self.host,loop=loop)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.964342+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/aioredis/commands/__init__.py",line 175,in create_redis
2021-03-24T00:09:32.964727+00:00 app[worker.1]: loop=loop)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.964806+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/aioredis/connection.py",line 113,in create_connection
2021-03-24T00:09:32.965216+00:00 app[worker.1]: timeout)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.965286+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/asyncio/tasks.py",line 339,in wait_for
2021-03-24T00:09:32.965790+00:00 app[worker.1]: return (yield from fut)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.965850+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/site-packages/aioredis/stream.py",in open_connection
2021-03-24T00:09:32.966201+00:00 app[worker.1]: lambda: protocol,host,port,**kwds)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.966271+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/asyncio/base_events.py",line 824,in create_connection
2021-03-24T00:09:32.967044+00:00 app[worker.1]: sock,protocol_factory,ssl,server_hostname)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.967368+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/asyncio/base_events.py",line 850,in _create_connection_transport
2021-03-24T00:09:32.968101+00:00 app[worker.1]: yield from waiter
2021-03-24T00:09:32.968459+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/asyncio/sslproto.py",line 505,in data_received
2021-03-24T00:09:32.969699+00:00 app[worker.1]: ssldata,appdata = self._sslpipe.Feed_ssldata(data)
2021-03-24T00:09:32.969776+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/asyncio/sslproto.py",line 201,in Feed_ssldata
2021-03-24T00:09:32.970144+00:00 app[worker.1]: self._sslobj.do_handshake()
2021-03-24T00:09:32.970216+00:00 app[worker.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.6/ssl.py",line 689,in do_handshake
2021-03-24T00:09:32.971002+00:00 app[worker.1]: self._sslobj.do_handshake()
2021-03-24T00:09:32.971118+00:00 app[worker.1]: ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_Failed] certificate verify Failed (_ssl.c:852)
2021-03-24T00:09:33.408193+00:00 heroku[worker.1]: Process exited with status 1
解决方法
暂无找到可以解决该程序问题的有效方法，小编努力寻找整理中！
如果你已经找到好的解决方法，欢迎将解决方案带上本链接一起发送给小编。
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