OCaml 期望在模式匹配期间不会出现在任何地方的模式

问题描述

线

Concat((a,b)) -> let x = regexp_to_nfa a and y = regexp_to_nfa b in match x.fs with [t] ->

出现错误

37 |   Concat((a,b)) -> let x = regexp_to_nfa a and y = regexp_to_nfa b in match x.fs with [t] ->
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Error: This pattern matches values of type regexp_t
       but a pattern was expected which matches values of type
         int list * int list

为什么当 a,b 明确需要类型 regexp_t 以​​便 regexp_to_nfa 函数使用它们时,编译器会认为 int list * int list 需要匹配?

Another 带有类似错误的问题表明该错误源于先前具有 int list * int list 类型的表达式。但是,如果我将 Concat 行移到开头(在 Empty_String -> 之前),则会出现错误

33 |   Empty_String -> let x = fresh() and y = fresh() in
       ^^^^^^^^^^^^
Error: This variant pattern is expected to have type int list
       The constructor Empty_String does not belong to type list

,这表明 Concat((a,b)) 或使用它的行中的某些内容具有 int list 类型,这更没有意义。

作为参考,这些是我正在使用的类型以及我正在尝试调试的函数代码

type ('q,'s) transition = 'q * 's option * 'q
type ('q,'s) nfa_t = {
    sigma : 's list;
    qs : 'q list;
    q0 : 'q;
    fs : 'q list;
    delta : ('q,'s) transition list;
}

type regexp_t =
  | Empty_String
  | Char of char
  | Union of regexp_t * regexp_t
  | Concat of regexp_t * regexp_t
  | Star of regexp_t

let fresh =
  let cntr = ref 0 in
  fun () ->
    cntr := !cntr + 1 ;
    !cntr

let rec regexp_to_nfa (regexp: regexp_t) : (int,char) nfa_t = match regexp with
  Empty_String -> let x = fresh() and y = fresh() in 
  {sigma = []; qs = [x;y]; q0 = x; fs = [y]; delta = []}|
  Char(a) -> let x = fresh() and y = fresh() in 
  {sigma = [a]; qs = [x;y]; q0 = x; fs = [y]; delta = [(x,Some a,y)]}|
  Union((a,b)) -> let x = regexp_to_nfa a and y = regexp_to_nfa b and r = fresh() and s = fresh() in match (x.fs,y.fs) with ([t],[u]) -> 
  {sigma = Sets.union x.sigma y.sigma; qs = Sets.union (Sets.union x.qs y.qs) [r;s]; q0 = r; fs = [s]; 
  delta = Sets.union (Sets.union x.delta y.delta) [(r,None,x.q0); (r,y.q0); (t,s); (u,s)]}|
  Concat((a,b)) -> let x = regexp_to_nfa a and y = regexp_to_nfa b in match x.fs with [t] -> 
  {sigma = Sets.union x.sigma y.sigma; qs = Sets.union x.qs y.qs; q0 = x.q0; fs = y.fs; 
  delta = Sets.union (Sets.union x.delta y.delta) [(t,y.q0)]} |
  Star(a) -> let x = regexp_to_nfa a and r = fresh() and s = fresh() in match x.fs with [t] -> 
  {sigma = x.sigma; qs = Sets.union x.qs [r;s]; q0 = r; fs = [s]; 
  delta = Sets.union x.delta [(r,x.q0);(r,s);(s,r);(t,r)]}

解决方法

您有一个嵌套的 match。因此,Concat 模式被解析为嵌套匹配的一部分。

您需要使用 begin/end 或括号来隔离嵌套在另一个 match 中的 match

如果您继续使用嵌套匹配,您还需要处理 (x.fs,y.fs) 没有预期形式的情况(即,其中一个列表的长度不是 1 的情况)。如果您确定它们永远不会为空,您可以像这样重写:

Union((a,b)) ->
    let x = regexp_to_nfa a
    and y = regexp_to_nfa b
    and r = fresh()
    and s = fresh() in
    { sigma = Sets.union x.sigma y.sigma;
      qs = Sets.union (Sets.union x.qs y.qs) [r;s];
      q0 = r;
      fs = [s]; 
      delta = Sets.union (Sets.union x.delta y.delta)
                    [(r,None,x.q0);
                     (r,y.q0);
                     (List.hd x.fs,s);
                     (List.hd y.fs,s)]
    }|
Concat((a,b)) -> . . .

(就其价值而言,您使用的是非常密集的编码风格。恕我直言,最好将格式设置得更松散一些,或者甚至使用格式化工具来自动布置代码。)