问题描述
标准库中是否有类似内置函数 getattr
和 hasattr
但在属性查找过程中绕过实例属性的函数,例如 {{3} }?
让我们称这些假设函数为 getclassattr
和 hasclassattr
。以下是我期望的实现:
null = object()
def getclassattr(obj,name,default=null,/):
if not isinstance(name,str):
raise TypeError('getclassattr(): attribute name must be string')
try:
classmro = vars(type)['__mro__'].__get__(type(obj))
for cls in classmro:
classdict = vars(type)['__dict__'].__get__(cls)
if name in classdict:
attr = classdict[name]
attrclassmro = vars(type)['__mro__'].__get__(type(attr))
for attrclass in attrclassmro:
attrclassdict = vars(type)['__dict__'].__get__(attrclass)
if '__get__' in attrclassdict:
return attrclassdict['__get__'](attr,obj,type(obj))
return attr
classname = vars(type)['__name__'].__get__(type(obj))
raise AttributeError(f'{classname!r} object has no attribute {name!r}')
except AttributeError as exc:
try:
classmro = vars(type)['__mro__'].__get__(type(obj))
for cls in classmro:
classdict = vars(type)['__dict__'].__get__(cls)
if '__getattr__' in classdict:
return classdict['__getattr__'](obj,name)
except AttributeError as exc_2:
exc = exc_2
except BaseException as exc_2:
raise exc_2 from None
if default is not null:
return default
raise exc from None
def hasclassattr(obj,/):
try:
getclassattr(obj,name)
except AttributeError:
return False
return True
用例是内置类 implicit lookup of special methods:* 的纯 Python 实现
import types
class ClassMethod:
def __init__(self,function):
self.__func__ = function
def __get__(self,instance,owner=None):
if instance is None and owner is None:
raise TypeError('__get__(None,None) is invalid')
if owner is None:
owner = type(instance)
# NOT hasattr.
if hasclassattr(self.__func__,'__get__'):
# NOT getattr.
return getclassattr(self.__func__,'__get__')(owner,type(owner))
return types.MethodType(self.__func__,owner)
@property
def __isabstractmethod__(self):
return hasattr(self.__func__,'__isabstractmethod__')
* 请注意,此实现不适用于内置函数 getattr
和 hasattr
,因为它们首先在实例属性中查找,作为与内置类 {{1} 的比较} 显示:
classmethod
解决方法
不是像 implicit lookup of special methods 那样引入新函数 getclassattr
和 hasclassattr
在属性查找期间绕过实例属性,另一种方法是引入代理类(我们称之为 { {1}}) 覆盖了方法 bypass
。我认为这可能是一个更好的方法,因为方法 __getattribute__
是一个为自定义属性查找而设计的钩子,它与内置函数 __getattribute__
和 getattr
一起工作,但也与属性一起工作检索运算符hasattr
:
.