问题描述
我运行的是 Ubuntu 服务器 20.04，我需要安装 npm。 但是当我运行“apt install npm”时，我会在需求中看到 x11 包。
The following NEW packages will be installed:
gyp javascript-common libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libfile-basedir-perl libfile-desktopentry-perl libfile-mimeinfo-perl libfontenc1
libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libice6 libipc-system-simple-perl libjs-inherits libjs-is-typedarray libjs-psl
libjs-typedarray-to-buffer libllvm11 libnet-dbus-perl libnode-dev libpciaccess0 libsm6 libtie-ixhash-perl libuv1-dev libvulkan1 libwayland-client0
libx11-protocol-perl libx11-xcb1 libxaw7 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0
libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxfixes3 libxft2 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxml-parser-perl libxml-twig-perl libxml-xpathengine-perl libxmu6 libxrandr2
libxshmfence1 libxt6 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 mesa-vulkan-drivers node-abbrev node-ajv node-ansi node-ansi-align node-ansi-regex node-ansi-styles
node-ansistyles node-aproba node-archy node-are-we-there-yet node-asap node-asn1 node-assert-plus node-asynckit node-aws-sign2 node-aws4 node-balanced-match
node-bcrypt-pbkdf node-bl node-bluebird node-Boxen node-brace-expansion node-builtin-modules node-builtins node-cacache node-call-limit node-camelcase node-caseless
node-chalk node-chownr node-ci-info node-cli-Boxes node-cliui node-clone node-co node-color-convert node-color-name node-colors node-columnify node-combined-stream
node-concat-map node-concat-stream node-config-chain node-configstore node-console-control-strings node-copy-concurrently node-core-util-is node-cross-spawn
node-crypto-random-string node-cyclist node-dashdash node-debug node-decamelize node-decompress-response node-deep-extend node-defaults node-define-properties
node-delayed-stream node-delegates node-detect-indent node-detect-newline node-dot-prop node-duplexer3 node-duplexify node-ecc-jsbn node-editor node-encoding
node-end-of-stream node-err-code node-errno node-es6-promise node-escape-string-regexp node-execa node-extend node-extsprintf node-fast-deep-equal node-find-up
node-flush-write-stream node-forever-agent node-form-data node-from2 node-fs-vacuum node-fs-write-stream-atomic node-fs.realpath node-function-bind node-gauge
node-genfun node-get-caller-file node-get-stream node-getpass node-glob node-got node-graceful-fs node-gyp node-har-schema node-har-validator node-has-flag
node-has-symbol-support-x node-has-to-string-tag-x node-has-unicode node-hosted-git-info node-http-signature node-iconv-lite node-iferr node-import-lazy
node-imurmurhash node-inflight node-inherits node-ini node-invert-kv node-ip node-ip-regex node-is-npm node-is-obj node-is-object node-is-path-inside
node-is-plain-obj node-is-retry-allowed node-is-stream node-is-typedarray node-isarray node-isexe node-isstream node-isurl node-jsbn node-json-parse-better-errors
node-json-schema node-json-schema-traverse node-json-stable-stringify node-json-stringify-safe node-jsonify node-jsonparse node-jsonstream node-jsprim
node-latest-version node-lazy-property node-lcid node-libnpx node-locate-path node-lockfile node-lodash node-lodash-packages node-lowercase-keys node-lru-cache
node-make-dir node-mem node-mime node-mime-types node-mimic-fn node-mimic-response node-minimatch node-minimist node-mississippi node-mkdirp node-move-concurrently
node-ms node-mute-stream node-nopt node-normalize-package-data node-npm-bundled node-npm-package-arg node-npm-run-path node-npmlog node-number-is-nan
node-oauth-sign node-object-assign node-once node-opener node-os-locale node-os-tmpdir node-osenv node-p-cancelable node-p-finally node-p-is-promise node-p-limit
node-p-locate node-p-timeout node-package-json node-parallel-transform node-path-exists node-path-is-absolute node-path-is-inside node-performance-Now node-pify
node-prepend-http node-process-nextick-args node-promise-inflight node-promise-retry node-promzard node-proto-list node-prr node-pseudomap node-psl node-pump
node-pumpify node-punycode node-qs node-qw node-rc node-read node-read-package-json node-readable-stream node-registry-auth-token node-registry-url node-request
node-require-directory node-require-main-filename node-resolve node-resolve-from node-retry node-rimraf node-run-queue node-safe-buffer node-semver node-semver-diff
node-set-blocking node-sha node-shebang-command node-shebang-regex node-signal-exit node-slash node-slide node-sorted-object node-spdx-correct node-spdx-exceptions
node-spdx-expression-parse node-spdx-license-ids node-sshpk node-ssri node-stream-each node-stream-iterate node-stream-shift node-strict-uri-encode
node-string-decoder node-string-width node-strip-ansi node-strip-eof node-strip-json-comments node-supports-color node-tar node-term-size node-text-table
node-through node-through2 node-timed-out node-tough-cookie node-tunnel-agent node-tweetnacl node-typedarray node-typedarray-to-buffer node-uid-number
node-unique-filename node-unique-string node-unpipe node-uri-js node-url-parse-lax node-url-to-options node-util-deprecate node-uuid
node-validate-npm-package-license node-validate-npm-package-name node-verror node-wcwidth.js node-which node-which-module node-wide-align node-widest-line
node-wrap-ansi node-wrappy node-write-file-atomic node-xdg-basedir node-xtend node-y18n node-yallist node-yargs node-yargs-parser npm x11-common x11-utils
x11-xserver-utils xdg-utils
0 upgraded,342 newly installed,0 to remove and 121 not upgraded.
Need to get 38.2 MB of archives.
After this operation,435 MB of additional disk space will be used.
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但我不想在我的 Ubuntu 上安装 X 服务器。我完全不明白为什么 NPM 需要 X 服务器。有没有其他方法可以在没有 x11 的情况下安装 NPM？
解决方法
对于基于 Debian 和 Ubuntu 的发行版，请阅读此 nodejs docs
虽然可以从 Ubuntu repos 安装 nodejs（nodejs 也可以作为 snap 包提供）但我不建议使用 ubuntu repos 来安装 nodejs，但版本已经过时了..如果你是 snap 的粉丝，那么你可以使用snap 以安装最新版本的 nodejs。
在 Ubuntu 上安装 nodejs（LTS 版本，现在是 14.x）的说明：
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
然后更新：
sudo apt update
然后安装nodejs
sudo apt install -y nodejs
现在您可以检查 npm 版本：
npm --version
node --version
还有一个用于安装不同版本节点的实用程序，名为 nvm 请查看 github
您可能需要运行 curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -。那为我修好了。