问题描述
在 this article 对 /etc/vsftpd.conf 稍作修改后，我在运行 Ubuntu 20.04 的笔记本电脑上设置了 VSFTP，在路由器上配置端口转发后，我能够通过 FileZilla 连接到它来传输文件. vsftpd.conf 的内容如下。
listen=NO
listen_ipv6=YES
anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
dirmessage_enable=YES
use_localtime=YES
xferlog_enable=YES
connect_from_port_20=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
pam_service_name=vsftpd
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
pasv_enable=Yes
pasv_min_port=10000
pasv_max_port=10100
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
virtual_use_local_privs=YES
我正在尝试在运行 Ububtu Server 20.04 的 AWS EC2 实例上复制上述设置，遵循 this article。
我为安全组设置的入站规则如下：
我跳过了文章中的第 6 步，因为我没有在此实例上运行 Apache。
vsftpd.conf 的内容如下：
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit,to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default,listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also,you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled,vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want,you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want,you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,# however,may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers,ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe,reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES,then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot,make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However,some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option,so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also,the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=1024
pasv_max_port=1048
pasv_address=123.345.678.9 # just a placeholder
服务已启动并正在运行：
● vsftpd.service - vsftpd FTP server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-04-28 16:53:26 UTC; 14min ago
Process: 15294 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/vsftpd/empty (code=exited,status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 15305 (vsftpd)
Tasks: 1 (limit: 1160)
Memory: 664.0K
CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
└─15305 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf
实例有一个分配给它的弹性 IP。当我尝试从 FileZilla 连接到实例时，连接超时。我尝试 ping EC2 实例，但没有运气，策略中的规则应该允许它。并且此 EC2 实例上的防火墙已禁用。
➜ ~ ping -c 10 123.345.678.9
PING 123.345.678.9 (123.345.678.9) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 3.98.100.5 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted,0 received,100% packet loss,time 9216ms
[email protected]:~$ sudo ufw status
Status: inactive
下面是 journalctl -u vsftpd.service 的输出。
-- Logs begin at Wed 2021-04-28 14:45:49 UTC,end at Wed 2021-04-28 16:54:37 UTC. --
Apr 28 15:13:53 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:13:53 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:29:02 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopping vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:29:02 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Succeeded.
Apr 28 15:29:02 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopped vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:29:02 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:29:02 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:29:02 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Main process exited,code=exited,status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Apr 28 15:29:02 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 28 15:29:31 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:29:31 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:29:31 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Main process exited,status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Apr 28 15:29:31 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 28 15:33:09 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:33:09 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:33:09 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Main process exited,status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Apr 28 15:33:09 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 28 15:35:52 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:35:52 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:47:37 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopping vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:47:37 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Succeeded.
Apr 28 15:47:37 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopped vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:47:37 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:47:37 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:47:37 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Main process exited,status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Apr 28 15:47:37 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 28 15:48:32 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:48:32 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:53:48 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopping vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:53:48 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Succeeded.
Apr 28 15:53:48 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopped vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:53:48 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:53:48 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:55:32 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopping vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:55:32 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Succeeded.
Apr 28 15:55:32 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopped vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:55:32 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:55:32 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:56:08 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopping vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:56:08 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Succeeded.
Apr 28 15:56:08 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopped vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:56:08 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:56:08 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:58:42 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopping vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:58:42 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Succeeded.
Apr 28 15:58:42 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopped vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 15:58:42 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 15:58:42 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 16:06:16 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopping vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 16:06:16 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Succeeded.
Apr 28 16:06:16 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Stopped vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 16:06:16 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 16:06:16 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 16:06:16 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Main process exited,status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Apr 28 16:06:16 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 28 16:08:43 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 16:08:43 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Apr 28 16:08:43 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Main process exited,status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Apr 28 16:08:43 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Apr 28 16:53:26 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP server...
Apr 28 16:53:26 ip-172-31-30-90 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
带有 Main process exited,status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT 的消息是使用此问题顶部的配置文件时服务无法启动的结果。
我不确定是什么阻止了我通过 FileZilla 连接到它。感谢您的帮助。
解决方法
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