正确读取 .wav 文件中的样本

问题描述

我正在尝试正确读取 WAVE 文件、PCM、单声道、16 位(每个样本 2 个字节)。我设法阅读了标题。问题是读取(写入)数据部分。

据我所知,数据块中的 16 位样本是小端的,并且“拆分”为两个 8 位的块。所以对我来说,读取正确数据的方法应该是:

  1. 读取文件并将块放入两个不同的int8_t变量(或一个 std::vector<int8_t>..)
  2. 以某种方式“连接”这两个变量以生成 int16_t 并能够处理它。

问题是我不知道如何处理小字节序以及这些样本没有无符号的事实,所以我不能使用

这是我做过的测试之一,没有成功:

int8_t buffer[],firstbyte,secondbyte;
int16_t result;
std::vector<int16_t> data;
while(Read bytes and put them in buffer){
for (int j=0;j<bytesReadFromTheFile;j+=2){
                    firstbyte = buffer[j];
                    secondbyte = buffer[j+1];
                    result = (firstbyte);
                    result = (result << 8)+secondbyte; //shift first byte and add second
                    data.push_back(result);
                }
}

为了更详细,我使用了网上找到的这段代码并从它开始创建了一个类(过程是一样的,但是类配置很长,并且有很多功能不是' t 对这个问题很有用):

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdint>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::fstream;
using std::string;

typedef struct  WAV_HEADER
{
    /* RIFF Chunk Descriptor */
    uint8_t         RIFF[4];        // RIFF Header Magic header
    uint32_t        ChunkSize;      // RIFF Chunk Size
    uint8_t         WAVE[4];        // WAVE Header
    /* "fmt" sub-chunk */
    uint8_t         fmt[4];         // FMT header
    uint32_t        Subchunk1Size;  // Size of the fmt chunk
    uint16_t        AudioFormat;    // Audio format 1=PCM,6=mulaw,7=alaw,257=IBM Mu-Law,258=IBM A-Law,259=ADPCM
    uint16_t        NumOfChan;      // Number of channels 1=Mono 2=Sterio
    uint32_t        SamplesPerSec;  // Sampling Frequency in Hz
    uint32_t        bytesPerSec;    // bytes per second
    uint16_t        blockAlign;     // 2=16-bit mono,4=16-bit stereo
    uint16_t        bitsPerSample;  // Number of bits per sample
    /* "data" sub-chunk */
    uint8_t         Subchunk2ID[4]; // "data"  string
    uint32_t        Subchunk2Size;  // Sampled data length
} wav_hdr;

// Function prototypes
int getFileSize(FILE* inFile);

int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
    wav_hdr wavHeader;
    int headerSize = sizeof(wav_hdr),filelength = 0;

    const char* filePath;
    string input;
    if (argc <= 1)
    {
        cout << "Input wave file name: ";
        cin >> input;
        cin.get();
        filePath = input.c_str();
    }
    else
    {
        filePath = argv[1];
        cout << "Input wave file name: " << filePath << endl;
    }

    FILE* wavFile = fopen(filePath,"r");
    if (wavFile == nullptr)
    {
        fprintf(stderr,"Unable to open wave file: %s\n",filePath);
        return 1;
    }

    //Read the header
    size_t bytesRead = fread(&wavHeader,1,headerSize,wavFile);
    cout << "Header Read " << bytesRead << " bytes." << endl;
    if (bytesRead > 0)
    {
        //Read the data
        uint16_t bytesPerSample = wavHeader.bitsPerSample / 8;      //Number     of bytes per sample
        uint64_t numSamples = wavHeader.ChunkSize / bytesPerSample; //How many samples are in the wav file?
        static const uint16_t BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
        int8_t* buffer = new int8_t[BUFFER_SIZE];
        while ((bytesRead = fread(buffer,sizeof buffer[0],BUFFER_SIZE / (sizeof buffer[0]),wavFile)) > 0)
        {
            * /** DO SOMETHING WITH THE WAVE DATA HERE **/ *
            cout << "Read " << bytesRead << " bytes." << endl;
        }
        delete [] buffer;
        buffer = nullptr;
        filelength = getFileSize(wavFile);

        cout << "File is                    :" << filelength << " bytes." << endl;
        cout << "RIFF header                :" << wavHeader.RIFF[0] << wavHeader.RIFF[1] << wavHeader.RIFF[2] << wavHeader.RIFF[3] << endl;
        cout << "WAVE header                :" << wavHeader.WAVE[0] << wavHeader.WAVE[1] << wavHeader.WAVE[2] << wavHeader.WAVE[3] << endl;
        cout << "FMT                        :" << wavHeader.fmt[0] << wavHeader.fmt[1] << wavHeader.fmt[2] << wavHeader.fmt[3] << endl;
        cout << "Data size                  :" << wavHeader.ChunkSize << endl;

        // display the sampling Rate from the header
        cout << "Sampling Rate              :" << wavHeader.SamplesPerSec << endl;
        cout << "Number of bits used        :" << wavHeader.bitsPerSample << endl;
        cout << "Number of channels         :" << wavHeader.NumOfChan << endl;
        cout << "Number of bytes per second :" << wavHeader.bytesPerSec << endl;
        cout << "Data length                :" << wavHeader.Subchunk2Size << endl;
        cout << "Audio Format               :" << wavHeader.AudioFormat << endl;
        // Audio format 1=PCM,259=ADPCM

        cout << "Block align                :" << wavHeader.blockAlign << endl;
        cout << "Data string                :" << wavHeader.Subchunk2ID[0] << wavHeader.Subchunk2ID[1] << wavHeader.Subchunk2ID[2] << wavHeader.Subchunk2ID[3] << endl;
    }
    fclose(wavFile);
    return 0;
}

// find the file size
int getFileSize(FILE* inFile)
{
    int fileSize = 0;
    fseek(inFile,SEEK_END);

    fileSize = ftell(inFile);

    fseek(inFile,SEEK_SET);
    return fileSize;
}

问题出在 /** DO SOMETHING WITH THE WAVE DATA HERE **/ 。我不知道如何获得样本值。

解决方法

我是 Java 程序员,不是 C++,但我经常处理这个问题。

PCM 数据按帧组织。如果它是单声道、小端、16 位,第一个字节将是值的下半部分,第二个字节将是上半部分并包括符号位。 Big-endian 将反转字节。如果是立体声,则在进入下一帧之前会完整地呈现完整帧(我认为它是左后右,但我不确定)。

我对显示的所有代码感到惊讶。在 Java 中,以下内容对于编码为有符号值的 PCM 就足够了:

public short[] fromBufferToPCM(short[] audioPCM,byte[] buffer)
{
    for (int i = 0,n = buffer.length; i < n; i += 2)
    {
        audioPCM[i] = (buffer[i] & 0xff) | (buffer[i + 1] << 8);
    }

    return audioBytes;
}

IDK 如何将其直接转换为 C++,但我们只是将两个字节进行 OR 运算,第二个字节首先向左移动 8 位。纯移位拾取符号位。 (我不记得为什么包含 & 0xff 了——我很久以前写过这个并且它有效。)

好奇为什么评论中有这么多答案而不是作为答案发布。我认为评论是为了澄清 OP 的问题。