问题描述
我有一个用户登录代码。当应用程序启动时，此处显示“欢迎....您是新用户吗？...是？...不是？”。然后用户点击是或否，相应的框架就会出现。 当我编写代码时，我没有将 GUI 合并到一起，现在我对如何去做感到困惑。我已经搜索了在 Python 中创建多个框架的各种方法，但它仍然没有帮助我想出一个解决方案。如果有人可以帮忙。
# import openpyxl and tkinter modules
from openpyxl import *
from tkinter import *
# globally declare wb and sheet variable
# opening the existing excel file
wb = load_workbook('C:\\Users\\HP\\PycharmProjects\\pythonProject\\database.xlsx')
# create the sheet object
sheet = wb.active
def excel():
# resize the width of columns in excel spreadsheet
sheet.column_dimensions['A'].width = 30
sheet.column_dimensions['B'].width = 30
sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 50
# write given data to an excel spreadsheet at particular location
sheet.cell(row=1,column=1).value = "Username"
sheet.cell(row=1,column=2).value = "Main Password"
sheet.cell(row=1,column=3).value = "Email ID"
# Function to set focus (cursor)
def focus1(event):
# set focus on the username_field Box
username_field.focus_set()
def focus2(event):
# set focus on the email_id_field Box
main_password_field.focus_set()
def focus3(event):
# set focus on the form_no_field Box
email_id_field.focus_set()
# Function for clearing the contents of text entry Boxes
def clear():
# clear the content of text entry Box
username_field.delete(0,END)
main_password_field.delete(0,END)
email_id_field.delete(0,END)
# Function to take data from GUI window and write to an excel file
def insert_OldUser():
# welcome back existing user
signin = Label(root,text="SIGN-IN",font= "50",bg="light blue")
signin.grid(row = 0,column =1)
# if user not fill any entry then print "-"
if (username_field.get() == "" and
main_password_field.get() == "" and
email_id_field.get() == ""):
print("-")
else:
# assigning the max row and max column value upto which data is written in an excel sheet to the variable
current_row = sheet.max_row
current_column = sheet.max_column
# get method returns current text as string which we write into excel spreadsheet at specific cell
sheet.cell(row=current_row + 1,column=1).value = username_field.get()
sheet.cell(row=current_row + 1,column=2).value = main_password_field.get()
sheet.cell(row=current_row + 1,column=3).value = email_id_field.get()
#call func to compare passwords
incorrect_pass()
# save the file
wb.save('C:\\Users\\HP\\PycharmProjects\\pythonProject\\database.xlsx')
# set focus on the username_field Box
username_field.focus_set()
# call the clear() function
clear()
def insert_newUser():
# welcome back existing user
signup = Label(root,text="PLEASE SIGN UP.",bg="light blue")
signup.grid(row = 0,column=3).value = email_id_field.get()
existing_username()
# save the file
wb.save('C:\\Users\\HP\\PycharmProjects\\pythonProject\\database.xlsx')
# set focus on the username_field Box
username_field.focus_set()
# call the clear() function
clear()
def existing_username():
for sheet in database:
for t in username_field:
if t==username_field:
printl3 = Label(text= "Username not available.Try Again",bg = "light blue")
printl3.grid(row = 17,column = 1)
insert_newUser()
def incorrect_pass():
for sheet in database:
for t in main_password_field:
if t==main_password_field.get():
printl1= Label(text= "LOGIN SUCCESSFUL ! ",bg ="light blue" )
printl1.grid(row = 17,column = 1)
else :
printl2 = Label(text ="Password does not match. Try Again. ",bg = "light blue")
printl2.grid(row =17,column =1)
# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__":
# create a GUI window
root = Tk()
# set the background colour of GUI window
root.configure(background='light blue')
# set the title of GUI window
root.title("PASSWORD MANAGER")
# set the configuration of GUI window
root.geometry("500x500")
excel()
# create labels
welcome = Label(root,text="WELCOME",font = "Times 30 bold",bg="light blue")
ques1 = Label(root,text="Are you a new user?",font = '50bold',bg="light blue")
yes1 = Button(root,text="YES",bg="Black",fg="White",command=insert_newUser)
white1 = Label(root,fg = "light blue",bg = "light blue",text=" ")
no1 = Button(root,text="NO",command=insert_OldUser)
heading = Label(root,text="user details",bg="light blue")
username = Label(root,text="Username",bg="light blue")
main_password = Label(root,text="Main Password",bg="light blue")
email_id = Label(root,text="Email-ID",bg="light blue")
# grid method is used for placing the widgets at respective positions in table like structure .
welcome.grid(row=0,column = 1)
ques1.grid(row=1,column = 1)
yes1.grid(row=2,column = 1)
no1.grid(row=4,column = 1)
white1.grid(row=3,column =1)
heading.grid(row=10,column=1)
username.grid(row=11,column=0)
main_password.grid(row=12,column=0)
email_id.grid(row=13,column=0)
# create a text entry Box for typing the information
username_field = Entry(root)
main_password_field = Entry(root)
email_id_field = Entry(root)
# bind method of widget is used for the binding the function with the events
# whenever the enter key is pressed then call the focus function respectively
username_field.bind("<Return>",focus1)
main_password_field.bind("<Return>",focus2)
email_id_field.bind("<Return>",focus3)
username_field.grid(row=11,column=1,ipadx="100")
main_password_field.grid(row=12,ipadx="100")
email_id_field.grid(row=13,ipadx="100")
# call excel function
excel()
# create a Submit Button and place into the root window
submit = Button(root,text="Submit",fg="Black",bg="Red",command=clear)
submit.grid(row=20,column=1)
# start the GUI
root.mainloop()
解决方法
框架是 tkinter 中的容器，它与窗口 (Tk) 共享小部件的能力，例如您的根窗口或附加窗口 Toplevel。 >
到目前为止，您所做的是在每个小部件中将主参数设置为 root。例如：
submit = Button(root,...)
你想要的是不同的容器，你可以通过框架来创建它们。要在另一个容器中打包或网格您的小部件，您必须更改主参数。
喜欢：
...code...
my_frame = Frame(root,...)
submit = Button(my_frame,...)
my_frame.pack()
submit.pack()
这个简化的代码将打包根窗口中的框架和 my_frame 中的提交按钮。这种架构使您能够更改框架，即使用不同的容器填充窗口。
还请看一看 OOP 编程，因为它使您的工作更简洁、更轻松。
您可能对link
感兴趣 ,对于您想要实现的目标，您需要 3 帧。您还需要一个变量来存储当前可见的帧，稍后将用于隐藏前一帧。
现在您可以使用 pack/grid、pack_forget/grid_forget 来显示/隐藏不同的框架。
这是一个例子：
import tkinter as tk
def back_to_main():
global current_frame
current_frame.pack_forget()
main_frame.pack()
current_frame = main_frame
def show_signUP():
global current_frame
current_frame.pack_forget()
signup_frame.pack()
current_frame = signup_frame
def show_signIn():
global current_frame
current_frame.pack_forget()
signin_frame.pack()
current_frame = signin_frame
def create_signUp():
tk.Label(signup_frame,text="Sign Up").pack()
tk.Entry(signup_frame).pack()
tk.Entry(signup_frame,show='*').pack()
tk.Button(signup_frame,text="Back",command=back_to_main).pack()
def create_signIn():
tk.Label(signin_frame,text="Sign In").pack()
tk.Entry(signin_frame).pack()
tk.Entry(signin_frame,show='*').pack()
tk.Button(signin_frame,command=back_to_main).pack()
def create_mainPage():
tk.Button(main_frame,text="new here?",command=show_signUP).pack()
tk.Button(main_frame,text="already have an account?",command=show_signIn).pack()
root = tk.Tk()
main_frame = tk.Frame(root)
main_frame.pack()
signin_frame = tk.Frame(root)
signup_frame = tk.Frame(root)
current_frame = main_frame
create_mainPage()
create_signIn()
create_signUp()
root.mainloop()