如何并行运行 ansible 角色

问题描述

我使用的是最新版本的 ansible 和 python

我写了一个测试用例来描述我面临的问题。

我运行以下 shell 脚本并传递三个应用程序名称，每个名称都是在同一节点上执行任务并休眠（等待）10 秒的 ansible 角色，这意味着它总共将执行超过（3X10）如果执行不是并行的，则为 30 秒

以下是我用来运行 ansible-roles 剧本的 shell 脚本和角色的代码：

cat /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/run_me_for_restarts.sh

SH_APP=$1

echo "OK... Let us execute the Ansible Playbook Now..."

for i in $(echo $SH_APP | sed "s/,/ /g")
do
ansible-playbook -v -i /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/va.hosts /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/va_action.yml -e APPNAME=$i
done

$ cat /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/va_action.yml
---
- hosts: localhost
  user: wladmin
  strategy: free
  vars:
    ansible_ssh_extra_args: -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o ServerAliveInterval=50

  roles:
    - { role: "{{APPNAME}}" }

cat /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/roles/<appname>/tasks/main.yml

---

- name: copying the Startup Wrap-up script to the Domain_Home/bin directory
  template:
    src: "{{role_path}}/templates/wrapper.j2"
    dest: "/tmp"
    mode: 0744

- name: Executing sleep task
  command: "/tmp/wrapper.j2 &"
  ignore_errors: yes

cat /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/roles/<appname>/templates/wrapper.j2

#!/bin/sh
echo "started ...." >/tmp/par_{{ APPNAME }}.log
sleep 10
echo "done ...." >/tmp/par_{{ APPNAME }}.log

下面的输出显示执行不是并行的，需要 43 秒而不是 10+ 秒

time /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/run_me_for_restarts.sh appone,apptwo,appthree

OK... Let us execute the Ansible Playbook Now...

Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file

PLAY [localhost] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost]

TASK [appone : copying the Startup Wrap-up script to the Domain_Home/bin directory] **************************
changed: [localhost] => {"changed": true,"checksum": "543c342a48380d78929cecacfb0319c5575d6d5d","dest": "/tmp/wrapper.j2","gid": 64332,"group": "wladmin","md5sum": "36126e45f90db4ebf16260582cca00c4","mode": "0744","owner": "wladmin","size": 100,"src": "/home/wladmin/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1623398176.73-12084-156235215973593/source","state": "file","uid": 600000008}

TASK [appone : Executing sleep task] **********************************
changed: [localhost] => {"changed": true,"cmd": ["/tmp/wrapper.j2","&"],"delta": "0:00:10.008392","end": "2021-06-11 02:56:28.387822","rc": 0,"start": "2021-06-11 02:56:18.379430","stderr": "","stderr_lines": [],"stdout": "","stdout_lines": []}

PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    Failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file

PLAY [localhost] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost]

TASK [apptwo : copying the Startup Wrap-up script to the Domain_Home/bin directory] **************************
changed: [localhost] => {"changed": true,"checksum": "bc42fc98344e9de310dc618c6e79de5db7a59de1","md5sum": "2c151bf785a5f7b0fca4b58cf238d50e","src": "/home/wladmin/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1623398190.63-12266-31151611835797/source","uid": 600000008}

TASK [apptwo : Executing sleep task] **********************************
changed: [localhost] => {"changed": true,"delta": "0:00:10.007971","end": "2021-06-11 02:56:42.306926","start": "2021-06-11 02:56:32.298955","stdout_lines": []}

PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    Failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file

PLAY [localhost] **********************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost]

TASK [appthree : copying the Startup Wrap-up script to the Domain_Home/bin directory] ******************************
changed: [localhost] => {"changed": true,"checksum": "876833744db44de5afaabe598a31341b6fc800ac","md5sum": "651fb5088564dc481b92401e28267f8e","size": 92,"src": "/home/wladmin/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1623398205.43-12442-191618850932513/source","uid": 600000008}

TASK [appthree : Executing sleep task] **************************************
changed: [localhost] => {"changed": true,"delta": "0:00:10.010776","end": "2021-06-11 02:56:57.241882","start": "2021-06-11 02:56:47.231106","stdout_lines": []}

PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    Failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0


real    0m43.077s
user    0m13.285s
sys     0m3.957s

所有三个 /tmp/par_<appname>.log 都会生成。

我尝试将 & 添加到我的 shell 脚本中的 ansible-playbook 命令，这样每个应用程序都是一个新的 ansible-playbook 任务，它并行运行但只生成一个 /tmp/par_<appname>.log 而不是所有三个。此外，执行时间似乎与以前相同。

cat /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/run_me_for_restarts.sh

SH_APP=$1

echo "OK... Let us execute the Ansible Playbook Now..."

for i in $(echo $SH_APP | sed "s/,/ /g")
do
ansible-playbook -v -i /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/va.hosts /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/va_action.yml -e APPNAME=$i **&**
done

带有 & 更改的输出：

time /web/admin/playbooks/testpar/run_me_for_restarts.sh appone,appthree

OK... Let us execute the Ansible Playbook Now...

real    0m0.010s
user    0m0.003s
sys     0m0.008s

[wladmin@localhost testpar]$ Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file

PLAY [localhost] ***************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************

PLAY [localhost] ***************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************

PLAY [localhost] ***************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************
ok: [localhost]

TASK [apptwo : copying the Startup Wrap-up script to the Domain_Home/bin directory] ***
ok: [localhost]

TASK [appone : copying the Startup Wrap-up script to the Domain_Home/bin directory] ***
ok: [localhost]

TASK [appthree : copying the Startup Wrap-up script to the Domain_Home/bin directory] ***
changed: [localhost] => {"changed": true,"src": "/home/wladmin/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1623397469.29-10776-21357236583355/source","uid": 600000008}
.....
.....

我已经在这里 How to run couple of roles in parallel in Ansible playbook? 阅读了有关 ansible 角色并行执行的内容，

你能建议我如何让三个应用程序任务并行运行，这样我只需要大约 10 秒以上的时间吗？调整，解决方法也将不胜感激。

如果此解决方案永远不适合我，请建议采用示例的替代方法。

解决方法

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ansible ansible ansible-role parallel-execution performance performance performance time time