问题描述
我正在使用 tkinter 制作计算器。然而，每当我使用按钮时，我都会被 macOS 按钮的丑陋外观所困扰，我想让它们看起来像 Windows 上的按钮。我也无法更改背景颜色。我尝试使用 tkmacosx 更改背景颜色，但没有用。
我的预期输出：
我的输出：
我的代码：
class FoodHuntingEnv(gym.Env):
Metadata = {'render.modes': ['human','rgb_array']}
GraviTY = -10.0
BULLET_STEPS = 120 # p.settimestep(1.0 / 240.0),so 1 gym step == 0.5 sec.
def __init__(self,render=False,robot_model=R2D2,max_steps=500,num_foods=3,num_fakes=0,object_size=1.0,object_radius_scale=1.0,object_radius_offset=1.0,object_angle_scale=1.0):
"""Initialize environment.
"""
### gym variables
self.observation_space = robot_model.getobservationSpace() # classmethod
self.action_space = robot_model.getActionSpace() # classmethod
self.reward_range = (-1.0,1.0)
self.seed()
### pybullet settings
self.ifrender = render
self.physicsClient = p.connect(p.GUI if self.ifrender else p.DIRECT)
p.setAdditionalSearchPath(pybullet_data.getDataPath())
### env variables
self.robot_model = robot_model
self.max_steps = max_steps
self.num_foods = num_foods
self.num_fakes = num_fakes
self.object_size = object_size
self.object_radius_scale = object_radius_scale
self.object_radius_offset = object_radius_offset
self.object_angle_scale = object_angle_scale
self.plane_id = None
self.robot = None
self.object_ids = []
### episode variables
self.steps = 0
self.episode_rewards = 0.0
def close(self):
"""Close environment.
"""
p.disconnect(self.physicsClient)
def reset(self):
"""Reset environment.
"""
self.steps = 0
self.episode_rewards = 0
p.resetSimulation()
# p.settimestep(1.0 / 240.0)
p.setGravity(0,self.GraviTY)
self.plane_id = p.loadURDF('plane.urdf')
self.robot = self.robot_model()
self.object_ids = []
for i,(pos,orn) in enumerate(self._generateObjectPositions(num=(self.num_foods+self.num_fakes),radius_scale=self.object_radius_scale,radius_offset=self.object_radius_offset,angle_scale=self.object_angle_scale)):
if i < self.num_foods:
urdfPath = 'food_sphere.urdf'
else:
urdfPath = 'food_cube.urdf'
object_id = p.loadURDF(urdfPath,pos,orn,globalScaling=self.object_size)
self.object_ids.append(object_id)
for i in range(self.BULLET_STEPS):
p.stepSimulation()
obs = self._getobservation()
#print('reset laile')
#self.robot.printAllJointInfo()
return obs
def step(self,action):
"""Apply action to environment,then return observation and reward.
"""
self.steps += 1
self.robot.setAction(action)
reward = -1.0 * float(self.num_foods) / float(self.max_steps) # so agent needs to eat foods quickly
for i in range(self.BULLET_STEPS):
p.stepSimulation()
reward += self._getReward()
self.episode_rewards += reward
obs = self._getobservation()
done = self._isDone()
pos,orn = self.robot.getPositionAndOrientation()
info = { 'steps': self.steps,'pos': pos,'orn': orn }
if done:
#print('Done laile')
info['episode'] = { 'r': self.episode_rewards,'l': self.steps }
# print(self.episode_rewards,self.steps)
#print(self.robot.getBaseRollPosition(),self.robot.getTorsoLiftPosition(),self.robot.getHeadPosition(),self.robot.getArmPosition(),self.robot.getWristPosition(),self.robot.getgripperPosition()) # for HSR debug
#print(self.robot.getHeadPosition(),self.robot.getgripperPosition()) # for R2D2 debug
return obs,reward,done,info
def render(self,mode='human',close=False):
"""This is a dummy function. This environment cannot control rendering timing.
"""
if mode != 'rgb_array':
return np.array([])
return self._getobservation()
def seed(self,seed=None):
"""Set random seed.
"""
self.np_random,seed = seeding.np_random(seed)
return [seed]
def _getReward(self):
"""Detect contact points and return reward.
"""
reward = 0
contacted_object_ids = [ object_id for object_id in self.object_ids if self.robot.isContact(object_id) ]
for object_id in contacted_object_ids:
reward += 1 if self._isFood(object_id) else -1
p.removeBody(object_id)
self.object_ids.remove(object_id)
return reward
def _getobservation(self):
"""Get observation.
"""
obs = self.robot.getobservation()
return obs
def _isFood(self,object_id):
"""Check if object_id is a food.
"""
baseLink,urdfPath = p.getBodyInfo(object_id)
return urdfPath == b'food_sphere.urdf' # otherwise,fake
def _isDone(self):
"""Check if episode is done.
"""
#print(self.object_ids,'self')
available_object_ids = [ object_id for object_id in self.object_ids if self._isFood(object_id) ]
#print(available_object_ids)
return self.steps >= self.max_steps or len(available_object_ids) <= 0
def _generateObjectPositions(self,num=1,retry=100,radius_scale=1.0,radius_offset=1.0,angle_scale=1.0,angle_offset=0.5*np.pi,z=1.5,near_distance=0.5):
"""Generate food positions randomly.
"""
def genPos():
r = radius_scale * self.np_random.rand() + radius_offset
a = -np.pi * angle_scale + angle_offset
b = np.pi * angle_scale + angle_offset
ang = (b - a) * self.np_random.rand() + a
return np.array([r * np.sin(ang),r * np.cos(ang),z])
def isNear(pos,poss):
for p,o in poss:
if np.linalg.norm(p - pos) < near_distance:
return True
return False
def genPosRetry(poss):
for i in range(retry):
pos = genPos()
if not isNear(pos,poss):
return pos
return genPos()
poss = []
for i in range(num):
pos = genPosRetry(poss)
orn = p.getQuaternionFromEuler([0.0,0.0,2.0*np.pi*self.np_random.rand()])
poss.append((pos,orn))
return poss
解决方法
macOS Big Sur (11.0.1)
因此，tkmacosx 必须完美运行。也许您导入了 tkmacosx，但继续使用 tkinter 按钮？
这是我的代码，它改变了背景、前景色。
"borderless=1" 移除按钮的边框。
"focuscolor=''" 在您按下按钮时移除蓝色边框。
buttonExit = tkmacosx.Button(mainWindow,text='✕',font=buttonFont,anchor='center',height=15,width=15,fg='#740000',bg='#ff5f56',activebackground='#be4741',activeforeground='#740000',borderless=1,focuscolor='',command=lambda: mainWindow.destroy())
buttonExit.place(x=0,y=0)