问题描述
我成功安装了 GLWF。我可以证明，因为这个程序可以编译：
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
int main(void)
{
GLFWwindow* window;
/* Initialize the library */
if (!glfwInit())
return -1;
/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
window = glfwCreateWindow(640,480,"Hello World",NULL,NULL);
if (!window)
{
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
/* Make the window's context current */
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
/* Loop until the user closes the window */
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
/* Render here */
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
/* Swap front and back buffers */
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
/* Poll for and process events */
glfwPollEvents();
}
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
然后我使用这些命令来安装glad：
git clone https://github.com/Dav1dde/glad.git
cd glad
cmake ./
make
sudo cp -a include /usr/local/
当我尝试执行这个程序时：
#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window,int width,int height);
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window);
// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x,aPos.y,aPos.z,1.0);\n"
"}\0";
const char *fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
"out vec4 FragColor;\n"
"void main()\n"
"{\n"
" FragColor = vec4(1.0f,0.5f,0.2f,1.0f);\n"
"}\n\0";
int main()
{
// glfw: initialize and configure
// ------------------------------
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR,3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MInor,3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE,GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
#ifdef __APPLE__
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT,GL_TRUE);
#endif
// glfw window creation
// --------------------
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH,SCR_HEIGHT,"LearnopenGL",NULL);
if (window == NULL)
{
std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window,framebuffer_size_callback);
// glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
// ---------------------------------------
if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
{
std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
return -1;
}
// build and compile our shader program
// ------------------------------------
// vertex shader
unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
glShaderSource(vertexShader,1,&vertexShaderSource,NULL);
glCompileShader(vertexShader);
// check for shader compile errors
int success;
char infoLog[512];
glGetShaderiv(vertexShader,GL_COMPILE_STATUS,&success);
if (!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader,512,infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_Failed\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
// fragment shader
unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(fragmentShader,&fragmentShaderSource,NULL);
glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
// check for shader compile errors
glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader,&success);
if (!success)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader,infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_Failed\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
// link shaders
unsigned int shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(shaderProgram,vertexShader);
glAttachShader(shaderProgram,fragmentShader);
glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);
// check for linking errors
glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram,GL_LINK_STATUS,&success);
if (!success) {
glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram,infoLog);
std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_Failed\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
}
glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
// set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
float vertices[] = {
0.5f,0.0f,// top right
0.5f,-0.5f,// bottom right
-0.5f,// bottom left
-0.5f,0.0f // top left
};
unsigned int indices[] = { // note that we start from 0!
0,3,// first Triangle
1,2,3 // second Triangle
};
unsigned int VBO,VAO,EBO;
glGenVertexArrays(1,&VAO);
glGenBuffers(1,&VBO);
glGenBuffers(1,&EBO);
// bind the Vertex Array Object first,then bind and set vertex buffer(s),and then configure vertex attributes(s).
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,VBO);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(vertices),vertices,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,EBO);
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(indices),indices,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer(0,GL_FLOAT,GL_FALSE,3 * sizeof(float),(void*)0);
glEnabLevertexAttribArray(0);
// note that this is allowed,the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the vertex attribute's bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,0);
// remember: do NOT unbind the EBO while a VAO is active as the bound element buffer object IS stored in the VAO; keep the EBO bound.
//glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,0);
// You can unbind the VAO afterwards so other VAO calls won't accidentally modify this VAO,but this rarely happens. Modifying other
// VAOs requires a call to glBindVertexArray anyways so we generally don't unbind VAOs (nor VBOs) when it's not directly necessary.
glBindVertexArray(0);
// uncomment this call to draw in wireframe polygons.
//glpolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_LINE);
// render loop
// -----------
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
// input
// -----
processInput(window);
// render
// ------
glClearColor(0.2f,0.3f,1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
// draw our first triangle
gluseProgram(shaderProgram);
glBindVertexArray(VAO); // seeing as we only have a single VAO there's no need to bind it every time,but we'll do so to keep things a bit more organized
//glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES,6);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,6,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0);
// glBindVertexArray(0); // no need to unbind it every time
// glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released,mouse moved etc.)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents();
}
// optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
glDeleteVertexArrays(1,&VAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1,&VBO);
glDeleteBuffers(1,&EBO);
glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);
// glfw: terminate,clearing all prevIoUsly allocated GLFW resources.
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
}
// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
if (glfwGetKey(window,GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
glfwSetwindowShouldClose(window,true);
}
// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window,int height)
{
// make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and
// height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
glViewport(0,width,height);
}
我收到了这些错误：
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccDMX5H7.o: in function `main':
triangle.c:(.text+0xe9): undefined reference to `gladLoadGLLoader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x12b): undefined reference to `glad_glCreateShader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x13f): undefined reference to `glad_glShaderSource'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x162): undefined reference to `glad_glCompileShader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x173): undefined reference to `glad_glGetShaderiv'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x19a): undefined reference to `glad_glGetShaderInfoLog'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x1fd): undefined reference to `glad_glCreateShader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x211): undefined reference to `glad_glShaderSource'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x234): undefined reference to `glad_glCompileShader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x245): undefined reference to `glad_glGetShaderiv'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x26c): undefined reference to `glad_glGetShaderInfoLog'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x2cf): undefined reference to `glad_glCreateProgram'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x2de): undefined reference to `glad_glAttachShader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x2f7): undefined reference to `glad_glAttachShader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x310): undefined reference to `glad_glLinkProgram'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x321): undefined reference to `glad_glGetProgramiv'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x348): undefined reference to `glad_glGetProgramInfoLog'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x3ab): undefined reference to `glad_glDeleteShader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x3bc): undefined reference to `glad_glDeleteShader'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x4b9): undefined reference to `glad_glGenVertexArrays'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x4d1): undefined reference to `glad_glGenBuffers'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x4e9): undefined reference to `glad_glGenBuffers'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x501): undefined reference to `glad_glBindVertexArray'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x512): undefined reference to `glad_glBindBuffer'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x528): undefined reference to `glad_glBufferData'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x54b): undefined reference to `glad_glBindBuffer'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x561): undefined reference to `glad_glBufferData'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x584): undefined reference to `glad_glVertexAttribPointer'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x5ad): undefined reference to `glad_glEnabLevertexAttribArray'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x5bb): undefined reference to `glad_glBindBuffer'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x5ce): undefined reference to `glad_glBindVertexArray'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x607): undefined reference to `glad_glClearColor'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x630): undefined reference to `glad_glClear'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x63e): undefined reference to `glad_gluseProgram'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x64f): undefined reference to `glad_glBindVertexArray'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x660): undefined reference to `glad_glDrawElements'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x696): undefined reference to `glad_glDeleteVertexArrays'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x6ae): undefined reference to `glad_glDeleteBuffers'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x6c6): undefined reference to `glad_glDeleteBuffers'
/usr/bin/ld: triangle.c:(.text+0x6de): undefined reference to `glad_glDeleteProgram'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/ccDMX5H7.o: in function `framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow*,int,int)':
triangle.c:(.text+0x764): undefined reference to `glad_glViewport'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
我用这个命令编译了程序：
g++ triangle.c -o triangle -Wall -lGL -lglu -lglut -lGLEW -lglfw -lX11 -lXxf86vm -lXrandr -lpthread -lXi -ldl -lXinerama -lXcursor
编辑： 我使用这两个资源来执行库的安装： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwaHQ6c-ma0
https://shnoh171.github.io/gpu%20and%20gpu%20programming/2019/08/26/installing-glfw-on-ubuntu.html
解决方法
Glad 由多个文件组成：
- glad.h 头文件，您必须将其包含在您的文件中
- 一个glad.c 源文件，您必须将其与您自己的源文件一起编译。
从你的错误信息来看，你忘记编译glad.c源文件了。您可以将命令行调整为以下内容：
g++ triangle.c <GLADPATH>/glad.c -o triangle -Wall -lGL -lGLU -lglut -lGLEW -lglfw -lX11 -lXxf86vm -lXrandr -lpthread -lXi -ldl -lXinerama -lXcursor
将<GLADPATH>替换为glad目录的路径