你能在父类中获得子类注释吗?

问题描述

这是有线的,但你能做到吗?

我想使用无参数构造函数(因此开发依赖于我的框架不需要扩展构造函数),但我想在字段中使用 final。所以:

注解.java

public @interface Annotation {
    String value();
}

父.java

public abstract class Parent {

    public final String name;

    // this will cause you must extends constructor in any sub class
    public Parent(Annotation annotation){
        this.name = annotation.value();
    }
}

接口定义

public abstract class Define extends Parent {


    // You can't do that:
    // Cannot reference 'this' before supertype constructor has been called
    public Define (){
        this(this.getClass().getAnnotation(Annotation.class).value());
    }

    // You can do that,but not working 
    // Define is point at Define as is rather I hope the sub class MyModule
    public Define (){
        this(Define.class.getAnnotation(Annotation.class).value());
    }

    public Define (Annotation annotation){
        super(annotation); // You must extend this
    }

    public abstract void foo();

}

我希望开发人员像这样使用我的框架:

public class MyModule extends Define {

    public void foo(){
        // foo bar 
    }

}

但是由于 Cannot reference 'this' before supertype constructor has been called,你必须写:

@Annotation
public class MyModule extends Define {

    // my framework using scan an IoC auto invoke 
    public MyModule(Annotation annotation){
        super(annotation.value())
    }

    public void foo(){
        // foo bar 
    }

}

悖论是name写在注解中,而this必须在newInstance之后。所以问题更像是:

子类如何getClass()

所以唯一的解决方案是放弃 final 字段并使用类似 init() 之类的东西?

解决方法

你能接受使用reflect来解决这个问题吗?

public abstract class Parent {

    final String name;

    public Parent() {
        this.name = null;
    }

    void setAnnotation(Annotation annotation) throws NoSuchFieldException,IllegalAccessException {
        Field field = Parent.class.getDeclaredField("name");
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(this,annotation.value());
        field.setAccessible(false);
    }
}
public abstract class Define extends Parent {
    public Define() {
        super();
        try {
            this.setAnnotation();
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }
    }

    public abstract void foo();

    public void setAnnotation() throws NoSuchFieldException,IllegalAccessException {
        Annotation annotation = this.getClass().getAnnotation(Annotation.class);
        super.setAnnotation(annotation);
    }
}
@Annotation(value = "foo")
public class MyModule extends Define {

    @Override
    public void foo() {
    }
}

并且不要忘记在注释类上添加 TargetRetention

,

不是要求每个子类读取注解并将其传递给超类,您可以将读取注解移动到基类:

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation {
  String value() default "defaultValue";
}

abstract class Base {
  final String value;
  Base() {
    MyAnnotation myAnnotation= getClass().getAnnotation(MyAnnotation.class);
    if (myAnnotation == null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Class " + getClass().getName() + " does not have require annotation MyAnnotation");
    }
    this.value = myAnnotation.value();
  }
}

@MyAnnotation
class DefaultValue extends Base {
}

@MyAnnotation("someValue")
class ExplicitValue extends Base {
}

class NoAnnotation extends Base {
}

给定这些类这两行

System.out.println(new DefaultValue().value);
System.out.println(new ExplicitValue().value);

将分别打印 defaultValuesomeValue。但是,这一行会抛出一个 IllegalStateException:

new NoAnnotation();

不幸的是,Java 类型系统不允许在编译时强制要求对每个具体类进行注释,因此此运行时异常是您可以获得的最佳结果(除了其他静态分析工具或架构测试软件,如 ArchUnit) .