Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

docker version 显示docker的版本信息

docker info 显示docker的系统信息

docker help 显示docker的参数

Docker的官方文档：https://docs.docker.com/engine/

镜像命令

查看当前镜像

[root@lin ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY     TAG         IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
hello-world     latest        bf756fb1ae65     13 months ago    13.3kB

#解释：

REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源

Tag 　　标签

IMAGE ID 　　镜像ID

CREATED　　创建时间

SIZE 大小

#可选项

[root@lin ~]# docker images --help

-a,--all 查看所有镜像

-q,--quiet 查看镜像ID

docker搜索命令

[root@lin ~]# docker search  mysql

NAME                DESCRIPTION                   STARS        OFFICIAL       AUTOMATED

mysql               MySQL is a widely used,open-source relation…  10466        [OK]

指定版本下载

[root@lin ~]# docker pull  mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists 
f6c208f3f991: Already exists 
88a9455a9165: Already exists 
406c9b8427c6: Already exists 
7c88599c0b25: Already exists 
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists 
43a5816f1617: Already exists 
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete         
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete     
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete 
7227baa8c445: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:
# docker pull  mysql 等于 docker.io/library/mysql:latest

导出镜像 and 导入镜像

#导出
docker save  -o busybox.tar busybox:latest 
或
docker save  > busybox01. busybox:latest 

#导入
docker load  -i busybox. 
或
docker load  < busybox. 

###### PS：这里使用带参数的命令导出，尽量使用对于带参数的命令导入

容器命令

容器命令的基础是建立在镜像之上的

我们下载一个centos镜像
docker pull centos

创建容器

docker create  -it --name  test busybox:latest  sh

新建容器并启动

docker run  【可选参数】  images
参数：
--name=xx ：     容器名称
-d：                后台运行
-it：            交互方式，伪终端
-p：                指定容器端口 8080主机端:8080容器段   -p 容器端口
-P：                随机映射端口
#创建一台名称为a1的centos主机，登录使用sh命令
[root@lin ~]# docker run -itd --name  a1 centos:latest  sh
4584d81270ea66ddaf1663db158f482865be63c6f4b187ae8ea94a2b42769bd8
[root@lin ~]# docker exec  -it a1  sh
sh-4.4# ls
bin  etc   lib      lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
4.4# exit    #退出容器Ctrl+d也可以
exit
[root@lin ~]#

查看容器

#docker ps命令
参数：
-a        当前所有容器
-n 1    显示最近创建的几个，默认显示1    
-q       显示ID
-s        显示大小
[root@lin ~]# docker ps            #查看正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4584d81270ea        centos:latest       "sh"                2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            a1
[root@lin ~]# docker ps -as
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES                   SIZE
4584d81270ea        centos:latest       7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes                                   a1                      14B (virtual 209MB)
94082dde1104        centos              bash"              11 minutes ago      Exited (0)  minutes ago                       recursing_aryabhata     0B (virtual 209MB)
81e87e0dddcb        bf756fb1ae65        /hello"            2 hours ago         Exited (2 hours ago                         happy_ramanujan         0B (virtual 13.3kB)

删除容器

docker rm  容器ID                    删除容器，不能删除在运行中的容器，如果需要删除 -f强制
docker rm  -f $(docker aq)      删除所有容器
docker rm  -aq | axrgs docker rm -f 删除所有容器

启动容器 and 停止容器

docker   stop     ID        #启动
docker   restart  ID         #重启
docker   stop     ID        #停止
docker   kill     ID        #杀死

将容器制作成镜像

docker run -itd --name centos centos:8 
docker exec  -it centos  yum -y install nginx
4.4# nginx
ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 13:51 pts/0    00:00 
root         12      54 pts/1    
root        110      55 ?        00 nginx: master process nginx
4.4# curl  127.0.0.1
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang=en">
    <head>
        <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux</title>
# exit
[root@lin ~]# docker commit  -m 'ng'  -a lin'  centos  centos.nginx. 
sha256:9b8912f7716ae063f96f996611b752e7a6b6286a00b614cc0667fd358025b4e4
-m:描述    -a：作者        容器名称    镜像名称

docker日志的查看

[root@lin ~]# docker logs  a1 
# exit
# exit
#常用参数
  -f,--follow         #显示日志
  -t,1)">timestamps     #显示时间戳
[root@lin ~]# docker logs  -ft a1 
2021-02-05T04:01:35.128760582Z # exit
41.500899867Z 51.404994752Z # exit
#查看一行
[root@lin ~]# docker logs  -ft  --tail  a1 
4.4# exit

docker进程的查看

[root@lin ~]# docker top  897
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                74091               74075               0                   16:30               pts/0               00            sh

docekr元数据的查看

#查看docker容器a1的元数据
[root@lin ~]#  docker inspect  a1
[
    {
        Id": 66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6",Created2021-02-05T04:01:20.073183239ZPathArgs: [],1)">State: {
            StatusexitedRunning": falsePausedRestartingOOMKilledDeadPid0ExitCodeError""StartedAt2021-02-05T04:01:41.846430128ZFinishedAt2021-02-05T04:01:51.405660547Z
        },1)">Imagesha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55ResolvConfPath/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/resolv.confHostnamePath/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/hostnameHostsPath/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/hostsLogPath/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6-json.logName/a1RestartCountDriveroverlay2PlatformlinuxMountLabelProcessLabelAppArmorProfileExecIDsnullHostConfigBindsContainerIDFileLogConfig: {
                Typejson-fileConfig: {}
            },1)">NetworkModedefaultPortBindings: {},1)">RestartPolicynoMaximumRetryCount
            },1)">AutoRemoveVolumeDriverVolumesFromCapAddCapDropCapabilitiesDnsDnsOptionsDnsSearchExtraHostsGroupAddIpcModeprivateCgroupLinksOomScoreAdjPidModePrivilegedPublishAllPortsReadonlyRootfsSecurityOptUTSModeUsernsModeShmSize67108864RuntimeruncConsoleSize: [
                
            ],1)">IsolationCpuSharesMemoryNanoCpusCgroupParentBlkioWeightBlkioWeightDeviceBlkioDeviceReadBpsBlkioDeviceWriteBpsBlkioDeviceReadIOpsBlkioDeviceWriteIOpsCpuPeriodCpuQuotaCpuRealtimePeriodCpuRealtimeRuntimeCpusetCpusCpusetMemsDevicesDeviceCgroupRulesDeviceRequestsKernelMemoryKernelMemoryTCPMemoryReservationMemorySwapMemorySwappinessOomKillDisablePidsLimitUlimitsCpuCountCpuPercentIOMaximumIOpsIOMaximumBandwidthMaskedPaths/proc/asound/proc/acpi/proc/kcore/proc/keys/proc/latency_stats/proc/timer_list/proc/timer_stats/proc/sched_debug/proc/scsi/sys/firmwareReadonlyPaths/proc/bus/proc/fs/proc/irq/proc/sys/proc/sysrq-trigger
            ]
        },1)">GraphDriverDataLowerDir/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5ead7fb0234a638b1f4c8ece5572cd7e34d0e7b410face8bc0c83a670cd92736/diffMergedDir/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/mergedUpperDir/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/diffWorkDir/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/workMountsHostname66fa2e853870DomainnameUserAttachStdinAttachStdoutAttachStderrTtytrueOpenStdinStdinOnceEnvPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/binCmdcentosVolumesWorkingDirEntrypointOnBuildLabelsorg.label-schema.build-date20201204org.label-schema.licenseGPLv2org.label-schema.nameCentOS Base Imageorg.label-schema.schema-version1.0org.label-schema.vendorCentOS
            }
        },1)">NetworkSettingsBridgeSandboxID836ea0ff6c93e7f368b31917f27dcf79d7f00e02f6821e13f750697f0c262eb5HairpinModeLinkLocalIPv6AddressLinkLocalIPv6PrefixLenPortsSandboxKey/var/run/docker/netns/836ea0ff6c93SecondaryIPAddressesSecondaryIPv6AddressesEndpointIDGatewayGlobalIPv6AddressGlobalIPv6PrefixLenIPAddressIPPrefixLenIPv6GatewayMacAddressNetworksbridge: {
                    IPAMConfigAliasesNetworkID2ca8ec3eb55c3034230866255d65f988376c95ddf492a9a074b4fd60b94eb594DriverOpts
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

方式一：
[root@lin ~]# docker exec  -it a2  
#解释：
#-i： 交互式
#-t： 伪终端
08:30 pts/
root          6      39 pts/6  ef
方式二：
[root@lin ~]# docker attach   a2 
found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr


#区别
#docekr exec   进入容器开启新的终端
#docker attach 相当于直接进入容器

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp  容器ID：容器内路径 目的的主机路径
[root@lin /]# docker exec  -it a3 4.4# cd /home/
touch index.html
# exit
[root@lin /]# docker cp a3:/home/index.html  /test
[root@lin /]# ls /test/
index.html

如果能看懂下面的图片，说明您的知识点很不错的呦~

docker03-常用命令

Docker的常用命令

帮助命令

镜像命令

容器命令

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