docker基础：本地镜像管理相关命令

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本地镜像管理

• docker images: 列出本地镜像；
• docker rmi：删除本地镜像；
• docker tag：标记本地镜像；
• docker build：使用DockerFile创建镜像；
• docker history：查看指定镜像的创建历史；
• docker save：将指定镜像保存成tar归档文件；
• docker load：导入使用docker save命令导出的镜像；
• docker import：从归档文件中创建镜像；
• docker commit：从容器修改中创建新的镜像；

列出本地镜像

语法如下：

docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Options:
  -a,--all             Show all images (default hides intermediate images(默认隐藏中间镜像层))
      --digests         Show digests(显示摘要信息)
  -f,--filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided(显示满足条件的镜像)
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --help            Print usage
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output(显示完整的镜像信息)
  -q,--quiet           Only show numeric IDs

删除本地镜像

语法如下：

docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Options:
  -f,--force      Force removal of the image(强制删除镜像)
      --no-prune   Do not delete untagged parents(不移除该镜像的过程镜像，默认移除)

例如：

# 删除所有镜像
docker rmi $(docker images -q)　

# 批量删除无用镜像
docker rmi $(docker images -f dangling=true)

标记本地镜像

语法如下：

docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]

使用DockerFile创建镜像

语法如下：

docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -

Options:
      --build-arg list             Set build-time variables (default [])
      --cache-from stringSlice     Images to consider as cache sources
      --cgroup-parent string       Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --compress                   Compress the build context using gzip
      --cpu-period int             Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int              Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
  -c,--cpu-shares int             CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpuset-cpus string         CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3,1)
      --cpuset-mems string         MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3,1)
      --disable-content-trust      Skip image verification (default true)
  -f,--file string                Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
      --force-rm                   Always remove intermediate containers
      --help                       Print usage
      --isolation string           Container isolation technology
      --label list                 Set metadata for an image (default [])
  -m,--memory string              Memory limit
      --memory-swap string         Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
      --network string             Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
      --no-cache                   Do not use cache when building the image
      --pull                       Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
  -q,--quiet                      Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
      --rm                         Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
      --security-opt stringSlice   Security options
      --shm-size string            Size of /dev/shm,default value is 64MB
  -t,--tag list                   Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format (default [])
      --ulimit ulimit              Ulimit options (default [])

查看指定镜像的创建历史

语法如下：

docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE

Options:
  -H,--human      Print sizes and dates in human readable format (default true)
      --no-trunc   Don't truncate output
  -q,--quiet      Only show numeric IDs

镜像保存

语法如下：

docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Options:
  -o,--output string   Write to a file,instead of STDOUT

镜像导入

语法如下：

docker load [OPTIONS]

Options:
  -i,--input string   Read from tar archive file,instead of STDIN
  -q,--quiet          Suppress the load output

从归档文件中创建镜像

语法如下：

docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Options:
  -c,--change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image (default [])
  -m,--message string   Set commit message for imported image

从容器修改中创建新镜像

语法如下：

docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

Options:
  -a,--author string    Author (e.g.,"John Hannibal Smith <[e-mail]>")
  -c,--message string   Commit message
  -p,--pause            Pause container during commit (default true)