集合操作
UNION 及 UNION ALL
UNION :列名,数据类型要一致,结果会默认ASC自动排序
UNION ALL :结果不会去重,不排序,其他和UNION一样
用类似to_char(null), to_number(null), to_date(null) 来填充缺列的情况;
如:
select job_id
from employees
UNION
select job_id
from retired_employees
如:
select job_id,department_id
from employees
UNION ALL
select job_id,department_id
from retired_employees
order by job_id;
intersect 取交集
结果会排序,会去重
如:
select manager_id,department_id
from employees
INTERSECT
select manager_id,department_id
from retired_employees;
MINUS 前select的结果减去和后select的去重复的结果
如:
select employee_id, job_id
from employees
where department_id=80
MINUS
select employee_id, job_id
from retired_employees
where department_id=90
以上4种输出结果都只关心第1条select的定义
order by 只能放在最后,且只能出现1次,且不能放在子查询里。
parenthes 括号可以更改执行优先级。