转载连接 http://blog.itpub.net/12679300/viewspace-2144619/

【前言】测试环境中经常需要多台mysql数据库来进行各种环境和场景的模拟，由于测试环境中的资源一般都是比较有限的，也就需要在一台服务器上面搭建多个MysqL数据库来完成测试的需求。本文档介绍在Centos6.4的环境中安装多个MysqL 5.7数据库的操作方法。

【1】MysqL数据库软件的安装

MysqL数据库软件官方提供了三种的安装文件和方法，如下：

• RPM方式安装

• 二进制方式安装

• 源码编译安装

虽然源码安装的方式比较麻烦，但是个人还是习惯用源码的方案安装，MysqL5.7的安装跟早起5.5的安装方式和步骤也几乎一样所以这里就不再说明了。

【2】创建多个数据库

软件的安装完成其实都是一样的，就是创建数据库的时候有点不一样。

2.1 进行数据文件目录的规划，本环境安装了5个数据库，在/data下面创建5个文件夹，并用端口号区分

点击( 此处 )折叠或打开

1. [ root@db01 data ] #  pwd
   

2. /data
   

3. [ root@db01 data ] #  ll
   

4. drwxr - xr - x .  6 MysqL MysqL 4096 7月 8 05 : 00 MysqL3306
   

5. drwxr - xr - x .  6 MysqL MysqL 4096 7月 20 21 : 46 MysqL3307
   

6. drwxr - xr - x .  7 MysqL MysqL 4096 7月 20 21 : 46 MysqL3308
   

7. drwxr - xr - x .  6 MysqL MysqL 4096 7月 20 21 : 46 MysqL3309
   

8. drwxr - xr - x .  5 MysqL MysqL 4096 7月 20 21 : 46 MysqL3310

2.2 进行参数文件的配置

点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 [ root@db01 data ] #  vi /etc/my . cnf [ MysqLd_multi ] MysqLd  =  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLd_safe #basedir  =  /usr/ local / MysqL MysqLadmin  =  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLadmin user  =  MysqL pass  =  MysqL #password  =  MysqL #bindir  =  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin [ MysqLd7 ] port  =  3307 socket  =  /tmp/MysqL . sock7 pid - file  =  /data/MysqL3307/hostname . pid7 datadir  =  /data/MysqL3307 user  =  MysqL basedir  =  /usr/ local / MysqL log - bin  =  /data/MysqL3307/bin - log server_id  =  7 gtid_mode  =  ON enforce - gtid - consistency = TRUE log_slave_updates =  ON #skip - grant - tables [ MysqLd8 ] socket  =  /tmp/MysqL . sock8 port  =  3308 pid - file  =  /data/MysqL3308/hostname . pid8 datadir  =  /data/MysqL3308 user  =  MysqL basedir  =  /usr/ local / MysqL #skip - grant - tables log - bin  =  /data/MysqL3308/bin - log server_id = 8 gtid_mode = ON enforce - gtid - consistency = TRUE log_slave_updates =  ON [ MysqLd9 ] socket  =  /tmp/MysqL . sock9 port  =  3309 pid - file  =  /data/MysqL3309/hostname . pid9 datadir  =  /data/MysqL3309 user  =  MysqL basedir  =  /usr/ local / MysqL #skip - grant - tables log - bin  =  /data/MysqL3309/bin - log server_id =  9 gtid_mode = ON enforce - gtid - consistency = TRUE log_slave_updates =  ON [ MysqLd10 ] socket  =  /tmp/MysqL . sock10 port  =  3310 pid - file  =  /data/MysqL3310/hostname . pid10 datadir  =  /data/MysqL3310 user  =  MysqL basedir  =  /usr/ local / MysqL #skip - grant - tables log - bin  =  /data/MysqL3310/bin - log server_id =  10 gtid_mode = ON enforce - gtid - consistency = TRUE log_slave_updates =  ON

2.3 创建数据库，创建的过程中需要记录数据库的初始密码

依次创建其他数据库，记录默认的随机密码

MysqL3307的安装 点击( 此处 )折叠或打开 [ root@db01 data ] #  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLd  - - initialize  - - datadir = / data/MysqL3307 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 31 : 01 . 890314Z 0  [ Warning ]  TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated .  Please use  - - explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server  option   ( see documentation  for  more details ) . 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 31 : 09 . 081679Z 0  [ Warning ]  InnoDB :  New log files created ,  LSN = 45790 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 31 : 09 . 626403Z 0  [ Warning ]  InnoDB :  Creating foreign key constraint system tables . 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 31 : 09 . 867983Z 0  [ Warning ]  No existing UUID has been found ,  so we  assume  that  this  is the first time that  this  server has been started .  Generating a new UUID :  12d65efe - 6d58 - 11e7 - 9d39 - 000c29a755d3 . 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 31 : 09 . 873982Z 0  [ Warning ]  Gtid table is  not  ready to be used .  Table  'MysqL.gtid_executed'  cannot be opened . 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 31 : 09 . 923044Z 1  [ Note ]  A temporary password is generated  for  root@localhost :  wAQ * p > . O : 4 , p

• MysqL3308的安装

[ root@db01 MysqL3307 ] #  cat auto . cnf [ auto ] server - uuid = 12d65efe - 6d58 - 11e7 - 9d39 - 000c29a755d3 [ root@db01 MysqL3307 ] #  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLd  - - initialize  - - datadir = / data/MysqL3308 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 32 : 36 . 027225Z 0  [ Warning ]  TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated .  Please use  - - explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server  option   ( see documentation  for  more details ) . 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 32 : 38 . 601806Z 0  [ Warning ]  InnoDB :  New log files created ,  LSN = 45790 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 32 : 39 . 071963Z 0  [ Warning ]  InnoDB :  Creating foreign key constraint system tables . 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 32 : 39 . 167438Z 0  [ Warning ]  No existing UUID has been found ,  so we  assume  that  this  is the first time that  this  server has been started .  Generating a new UUID :  48106897 - 6d58 - 11e7 - a1b9 - 000c29a755d3 . 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 32 : 39 . 172770Z 0  [ Warning ]  Gtid table is  not  ready to be used .  Table  'MysqL.gtid_executed'  cannot be opened . 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 32 : 39 . 212540Z 1  [ Note ]  A temporary password is generated  for  root@localhost :  Ak3XwQpb = ta0

• MysqL3309的安装

1. [ root@db01 MysqL3307 ] #  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLd  - - initialize  - - datadir = / data/MysqL3309
   

2. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 33 : 32 . 801680Z 0  [ Warning ]  TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated .  Please use  - - explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server  option   ( see documentation  for  more details ) .
   

3. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 33 : 35 . 102950Z 0  [ Warning ]  InnoDB :  New log files created ,  LSN = 45790
   

4. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 33 : 35 . 443411Z 0  [ Warning ]  InnoDB :  Creating foreign key constraint system tables .
   

5. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 33 : 35 . 557451Z 0  [ Warning ]  No existing UUID has been found ,  so we  assume  that  this  is the first time that  this  server has been started .  Generating a new UUID :  69acd736 - 6d58 - 11e7 - a436 - 000c29a755d3 .
   

6. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 33 : 35 . 562713Z 0  [ Warning ]  Gtid table is  not  ready to be used .  Table  'MysqL.gtid_executed'  cannot be opened .
   

7. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 33 : 35 . 607109Z 1  [ Note ]  A temporary password is generated  for  root@localhost :  sDXL5hh71I > R

• 数据库MysqL3310
  

点击( 此处 )折叠或打开

1. [ root@db01 MysqL3307 ] #  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLd  - - initialize  - - datadir = / data/MysqL3310
   

2. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 34 : 14 . 881243Z 0  [ Warning ]  TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated .  Please use  - - explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server  option   ( see documentation  for  more details ) .
   

3. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 34 : 17 . 227399Z 0  [ Warning ]  InnoDB :  New log files created ,  LSN = 45790
   

4. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 34 : 17 . 744012Z 0  [ Warning ]  InnoDB :  Creating foreign key constraint system tables .
   

5. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 34 : 17 . 904000Z 0  [ Warning ]  No existing UUID has been found ,  so we  assume  that  this  is the first time that  this  server has been started .  Generating a new UUID :  82ea694b - 6d58 - 11e7 - a566 - 000c29a755d3 .
   

6. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 34 : 17 . 908498Z 0  [ Warning ]  Gtid table is  not  ready to be used .  Table  'MysqL.gtid_executed'  cannot be opened .
   

7. 2017 - 07 - 20T14 : 34 : 17 . 923365Z 1  [ Note ]  A temporary password is generated  for  root@localhost :  Rq4 * Teq#l ; Ve

【3】 修改数据库的初始密码

先启动数据库

1. [ root@db01 MysqL3307 ] #  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLd_multi start
   

2. 修改默认密码
   

3. [ root@db01 MysqL3307 ] #  MysqLadmin  - u root  - p  - P 3307  - S /tmp/MysqL . sock7 password
   

4. Enter  password :  输入默认密码
   

5. New password :
   

6. Confirm new password :
   

7. Warning :  Since password will be sent to server  in  plain text ,  use ssl connection to ensure password safety .

登录数据库

[root@db01 MysqL3307]# MysqL -P 3307 -S /tmp/MysqL.sock7 -u root  – p

用默认的密码登录会有以下的提示信息：

点击( 此处 )折叠或打开

1. MysqL >  show databases ;
   

2. ERROR 1820  ( HY000 ) :  You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing  this  statement .

【4】设置MysqLd_multi stop的关闭权限

默认的情况下，不能通过MysqLd_multi关闭数据库，需要进行额外的设置，步骤如下：

创建MysqL关闭的用户
点击( 此处 )折叠或打开

1. [ root@db01 MysqL3307 ] #  MysqL  - u root  - p  - P 3310  - S /tmp/MysqL . sock10
   

2. Enter  password :
   

3. MysqL >  grant shutdown on  * . *  to  'MysqL' @ 'localhost'  identified by  'MysqL' ;
   

4. MysqL >  flush privileges

设置参数文件的账户
点击( 此处 )折叠或打开

1. [ root@db01 MysqL3307 ] #  cat /etc/my . cnf
   

2. [ MysqLd_multi ]
   

3. MysqLd  =  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLd_safe
   

4. #basedir  =  /usr/ local / MysqL
   

5. MysqLadmin  =  /usr/ local / MysqL/bin/MysqLadmin
   

6. user  =  MysqL
   

7. pass  =  MysqL

通过以上的操作，便完成了在单台服务器上面安装多个MysqL数据库的操作；

附加：常用的操作语句

/usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd_multi start #启动所有的数据库

/usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd_multi start 7 #启动单台数据库

/usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd_multi stop #关闭所有的数据库

/usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd_multi stop 7 #关闭单台数据库