Centos 部署Cobbler系统

一.简介

Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 网络安装环境，它已将 Linux 网络安装的技术门槛，从大专以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下，连补鞋匠都能学会。（~..~）

二.安装环境以及资源

1. 系统：centos 6.5 　　IP：192.168.30.158/24

2. 自动安装镜像：CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso

三.安装步骤

1. 安装epel源：

   [root@cobbler ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

2. 安装DHCP、tftp，rsync，xinetd，httpd（这些都是所需要的，如果有则不需要安装。）

   [root@cobbler ~]#yum-yinstalldhcp tftp rsync xinetd httpd

3. 安装cobbler

   [root@cobbler ~]# wgethttp://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

4. [root@cobbler ~]# rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
   

5. [root@cobbler ~]# yum install cobbler

6. 安装cobbler完成后，重启cobblerd。还暂时不能使用，我们可以运行一下这个命令，检查一下。可以看到的错误信息

   [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler checkThe following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

7. 1: The'server'fieldin/etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost,or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvablehostnameor IPforthe boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

8. 2: For PXE to be functional,thenext_serverin/etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than127.0.0.1,and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

9. 3: changedisable'tono'in/etc/xinetd.d/tftp

10. 4: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders,you may runcobbler get-loaders'to download them,or,ifyou only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting,you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Filesinthis directory,should you want to support all architectures,should include pxelinux.0,menu.c32,elilo.efi,and yaboot. The'command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

11. 5: changein/etc/xinetd.d/rsync

12. 6: comment outdists'on /etc/debmirror.confforproper debian support7: comment outarches8: The default password used by the sample templatesfornewly installed machines (default_password_cryptedin/etc/cobbler/settings) is still set tocobbler'and should be changed,try:"openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'"to generate new oneRestart cobblerd andthenruncobbler sync'to apply changes.

13. 现在就一个一个的来解决以上的错误条目。

• 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost,or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
  上面提示需要修改cobbler服务器的ip地址。配置文件是/etc/cobbler/settings.找到

  [root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settingsserver:192.168.30.158next_server:30.158

• 2 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp　　修改disable 为 no

  [root@cobbler ~]#vi/etc/xinetd.d/tftp

• # default: off

• # description: The tftp server serves files using the trivialfiletransfer \

• # protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

• # workstations,download configuration files to network-aware printers,\

• # and to start the installation processforsome operating systems.

• service tftp{

• socket_type = dgram

• protocol = udp

• wait= yes

• user = root

• server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

• server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot

• disable =no

• per_source =11

• cps =1002

• flags = IPv4

• }

• 3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders,you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them,if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting,you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory,should include pxelinux.0,and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

  [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders

• task started:2015-08-26_161520_get_loaders

• task started (id=Download Bootloader Content,255);">time=Wed Aug2616:15:202015)

• downloading http:cobbler.github.com/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README

• downloading http:cobbler.github.com/loaders/copYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/copYING.elilo

• cobbler.github.com/loaders/copYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/copYING.yaboot

• cobbler.github.com/loaders/copYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/copYING.syslinux

• cobbler.github.com/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi

• cobbler.github.com/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot

• cobbler.github.com/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0

• cobbler.github.com/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32

• cobbler.github.com/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi

• cobbler.github.com/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi*** TASK COMPLETE ***

• 4 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed,try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

• 
  

• [root@cobbler ~]# opensslpasswd-1-salt222222999999'

• $1$222222$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0

• 
  

• 此处按提示操作，最后一个生成的“999999”密码，是cobbler客户端安装完系统后的root密码。生成后的密码$1$222222$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0需要写入下面的文件内：/etc/cobbler/settings内

  [root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

• default_password_crypted:$1$222222$D38AxheCTHf/nVAzlN0.z0"

• 5 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support；comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support

  [root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/debmirror.conf#@dists=sid";#@arches=i386";

  找到以上两行，并注释掉这两句。

• 6: change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync　　修改disable 为 no

  [root@cobbler ~]#vi/etc/xinetd.d/rsync

• # default: off

• # description: The rsync server is a good addition to anftpserver,as it \

• # allows crc checksumming etc.

• service rsync

• {

• disableno

• flags = IPv6

• socket_type = stream

• wait= no

• user = root

• server = /usr/bin/rsync

• server_args = --daemon

• log_on_failure += USERID

• }

• 7：将上述错误修改完毕后，重启下cobblerd服务，再次运行cobbler check检查，出现以下便表示前面几条的提示已经被解决了。

  [root@cobbler ~]# service cobblerd restart

• Stopping cobbler daemon: [ OK ]

• Starting cobbler daemon: [ OK ]

• [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler checkNo configuration problems found. All systems go.

• 8：修改cobbler配置文件，让cobbler来接管DHCP的目的

• [root@cobbler ~]#vi/etc/cobbler/settingsmanage_dhcp:1

• 9：修改DHCP配置模板，修改成如下配置（根据自己的网络环境配置）

  [root@cobbler ~]#vi/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

• subnet30.0netmask255.255.255.0{

• option routers30.1;

• option domain-name-servers30.1;

• option subnet-mask255.0;

• range dynamic-bootp30.10030.254;

• default-lease-time21600;

• max-lease-43200;

• next-server $next_server;

• 10：安装光盘已经放在光驱里了，现在需要创建文件，然后挂载到电脑上。

  [root@cobbler ~]#mkdir-p /cobbler/ISO

• [root@cobbler /]#mount/dev/cdrom /cobbler/ISO/

• mount: block device /dev/sr0 iswrite-protected,mounting read-only

  之后导入安装镜像。

  [root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/cobbler/ISO/ --name=CentOS-6.5_86x64

• task started:08-26_181805_import

• task started (id=Media import,128);">18:052015)

• Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat,version=rhel6

• Found a matching signature: breed=redhat,version=rhel6

• Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64:

• creating new distro: CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• creating new profile: CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• associating repos

• checkingforrsync repo(s)

• checkingforrhn repo(s)

• checkingforyumrepo(s)

• starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64forCentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64

• need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64

• lookingfor/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/repodata/*comps*.xml

• Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/repodata

• *** TASK COMPLETE ***

• 11: 现在同步cobbler

  [root@cobbler ~]# cobblersync

• task started:08-26_182224_sync

• task started (id=Sync,128);">22:242015)

• running pre-synctriggers

• cleaning trees

• removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list

• copying bootloaders

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0-> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi

• trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi

• copying distros to tftpboot

• copying filesfordistro: CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64

• trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64/vmlinuz

• trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64/initrd.img

• copying images

• generating PXE configuration files

• generating PXE menu structure

• copying files6.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-6.5_86x64-x86_64/initrd.img

• Writing template files6.5_86x64-x86_64

• rendering TFTPD files

• generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

• processing boot_files6.5_86x64-x86_64

• cleaning link caches

• running post-synctriggers

• running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

• running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services

• running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*

• running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

• running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track

• running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*

• *** TASK COMPLETE ***

  重启一下

• [root@cobbler cobbler]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

• Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]

• Starting xinetd: [ OK ]

• 12：现在配置基本上已经完成了，可以达到自动装机的效果了。（可能生产环境中需要修改一些环境变量，或者预安装的软件包）

四.现在测试一下

• 开机，选择网卡启动
  
  

• 之后在出现的系统菜单中，选择所需要安装的系统
  
  

• 选择Centos6.5后即可自动进行安装。
  
  文中可能有遗漏之处，还请提出，如果转载，还请注明源地址！谢谢....

每个人都应是守望者，守望我们的心智，我们的理想，以防它在生活中不知不觉地坠落、被操控和被自己遗忘。。。