来源说明：《跟老男孩学Linux运维》Shell编程实战
说明:对于每个脚本，用shell编程的同时，我再用python实现，达到同时熟悉两种脚本语言的目的。由于初学python，有问题还请大家斧正。
用shell实现
代码：
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#vimcreat_ten_htmlfile.sh #!/bin/bash #Date:2017-8-25 #Author:XianWei Path=/tmp/shelltmp [-d"$Path"]||mkdir-p$Path#如果测试结果为假，就执行mkdir语句 cd$Path for((i=0;i<10;i++))#循环执行10次 do namepre=`date+%s|md5sum|tr-dc"a-z"`#生成随机的10个字母 namepost='_oldboy.html'#文件名的后缀 filename=${namepre}${namepost}#字符串连接 touch$filename echo"$filenamehavebeencreated." sleep1 done& wait
测试
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#./creat_ten_htmlfile.sh adcaeeafbc_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. ecbdeabdaedceb_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. edffdbddee_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. beadcabbbdcbdb_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. fcaadeaedafbc_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. adddadbc_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. bcadafebdabe_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. deffebcd_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. fafbbcdcfcfecef_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. fbfdedccbcc_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated. root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell# root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#ll/tmp/shelltmp/ total8 drwxr-xr-x2rootroot4096Aug2507:53./ drwxrwxrwt15rootroot4096Aug2508:05../ -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53adcaeeafbc_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53adddadbc_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53bcadafebdabe_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53beadcabbbdcbdb_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53deffebcd_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53ecbdeabdaedceb_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53edffdbddee_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53fafbbcdcfcfecef_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53fbfdedccbcc_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2507:53fcaadeaedafbc_oldboy.html
总结：
考察知识点：
2）字符串连接的方法
使用Python实现
#encoding:utf-8 importrandom importos defget10char():#create10randomcharactors seed="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMnopQRSTUVWXYZ" sa=[] foriinxrange(10): sa.append(random.choice(seed)) salt=''.join(sa) returnsalt defcreatefile(name): path="/tmp/shelltmp/"#checkwhetherthedirisexists,ifnotcreateit ifos.path.exists(path)!=True: os.mkdir(path) pathAndName=path+name withopen(pathAndName,"wb")asf:#createfile pass ifos.path.exists(pathAndName): print"%shavebeencreated"%name#printtheresult else: print"createfileFailed,Pleasecheckit." defmain(): foriinxrange(10):#loop10timestocreate10file filename=get10char()+"_oldboy.html" createfile(filename) if__name__=="__main__": main()
面试题2：将面试题1中的字符串oldboy全部改为oldgirl
代码和测试：
root@vmUbu:/tmp/shelltmp#foriin`ls/tmp/shelltmp`;doecho$i|awk-F"_"'{print"mv"$0""$1"_oldgirl.html"}'|bash;done
root@vmUbu:/tmp/shelltmp#ls
adcaeeafbc_oldgirl.htmlbeadcabbbdcbdb_oldgirl.htmledffdbddee_oldgirl.htmlfcaadeaedafbc_oldgirl.html
adddadbc_oldgirl.htmldeffebcd_oldgirl.htmlfafbbcdcfcfecef_oldgirl.html
bcadafebdabe_oldgirl.htmlecbdeabdaedceb_oldgirl.htmlfbfdedccbcc_oldgirl.html
root@vmUbu:/tmp/shelltmp#
#!/bin/bash #Date:2017-8-25 #Author:XianWei Path=/tmp/shelltmp [-d"$Path"]||exit0#如果测试结果为假，就执行mkdir语句 cd$Path foroldfilein`ls$Path/|grepoldboy` do newfile=`echo$oldfile|seds/oldboy/oldgirl/g`#生成新的文件名 mv$oldfile$newfile done& wait
测试
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#python1_creat_ten_htmlfile.py WKfqYfUprf_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated QplbhAZVZA_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated jmkkmepTfD_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated IAeFZLHzOj_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated DwWbMsCqtN_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated ZgAVXNCyLQ_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated DBENsfnZpv_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated PveegnMyBo_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated MpReSrwXJr_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated SWWFrkYhdi_oldboy.htmlhavebeencreated root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell# root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#ll/tmp/shelltmp/ total8 drwxr-xr-x2rootroot4096Aug2511:32./ drwxrwxrwt16rootroot4096Aug2511:32../ -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32DBENsfnZpv_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32DwWbMsCqtN_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32IAeFZLHzOj_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32jmkkmepTfD_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32MpReSrwXJr_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32PveegnMyBo_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32QplbhAZVZA_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32SWWFrkYhdi_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32WKfqYfUprf_oldboy.html -rw-r--r--1rootroot0Aug2511:32ZgAVXNCyLQ_oldboy.html root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#
python实现
#encoding:utf-8 importrandom importos importsys defmain(): path="/tmp/shelltmp/" ifos.path.exists(path)!=True:#checkthedirwhetherexists print"%snotexists,checkit."%path sys.exit(1) forroot,dir,fileinos.walk(path):#putthedestfileintoalist pass foroldfilenameinfile: ifoldfilename.split("_")[1]=="oldboy.html":#iffilenameincludestrings"oldboy",changeitsname newfilename=oldfilename.split("_")[0]+"_oldgirl.html" os.rename(path+oldfilename,path+newfilename)#changename ifos.path.exists(path+newfilename):#printtheresult print"%shavebeenchangenameto%s"%(oldfilename,newfilename) else: print"%schangednameFailed."%(oldfilename) if__name__=="__main__": main()
测试
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#ls/tmp/shelltmp/ COFoqgRped_oldboy.htmlFnlInKOFDD_oldboy.htmlKraoAAesrC_oldboy.htmlLFCkswpeJc_oldboy.htmlRXwWPTAYTF_oldboy.html dxTHbQyYyZ_oldboy.htmlickDGJUVgD_oldboy.htmlLBblatnuRW_oldboy.htmlReFkjxYZjO_oldboy.htmltKwmVefsCP_oldboy.html root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#python2_change_name.py LFCkswpeJc_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametoLFCkswpeJc_oldgirl.html dxTHbQyYyZ_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametodxTHbQyYyZ_oldgirl.html FnlInKOFDD_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametoFnlInKOFDD_oldgirl.html RXwWPTAYTF_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametoRXwWPTAYTF_oldgirl.html COFoqgRped_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametoCOFoqgRped_oldgirl.html ReFkjxYZjO_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametoReFkjxYZjO_oldgirl.html LBblatnuRW_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametoLBblatnuRW_oldgirl.html tKwmVefsCP_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametotKwmVefsCP_oldgirl.html KraoAAesrC_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametoKraoAAesrC_oldgirl.html ickDGJUVgD_oldboy.htmlhavebeenchangenametoickDGJUVgD_oldgirl.html root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#ls/tmp/shelltmp/ COFoqgRped_oldgirl.htmlFnlInKOFDD_oldgirl.htmlKraoAAesrC_oldgirl.htmlLFCkswpeJc_oldgirl.htmlRXwWPTAYTF_oldgirl.html dxTHbQyYyZ_oldgirl.htmlickDGJUVgD_oldgirl.htmlLBblatnuRW_oldgirl.htmlReFkjxYZjO_oldgirl.htmltKwmVefsCP_oldgirl.html root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#
面试题3：批量创建用户和密码
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#vim3_create_user.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Date:2017-8-25
#Author:XianWei
#createtenusersinbulk
for((i=0;i<=10;i++))
do
username="oldboy${i}"#cannotusesymbol''
password=`tr-dc"a-zA-Z0-9"</dev/urandom|head-c8`#create8randomcharactors
#echo$username
useradd$username
echo$username:$password|chpasswd#changepasswd.ifos=centos,usepasswd--stdin
#echo${username}""${password}
echo${username}""${password}>>passwd.txt#recordtheusernameandit'spassword
done
测试
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#./3_create_user.sh root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#cat/etc/passwd ...... hello:x:1001:1001::/home/hello: oldboy0:x:1002:1002::/home/oldboy0: oldboy1:x:1003:1003::/home/oldboy1: oldboy2:x:1004:1004::/home/oldboy2: oldboy3:x:1005:1005::/home/oldboy3: oldboy4:x:1006:1006::/home/oldboy4: oldboy5:x:1007:1007::/home/oldboy5: oldboy6:x:1008:1008::/home/oldboy6: oldboy7:x:1009:1009::/home/oldboy7: oldboy8:x:1010:1010::/home/oldboy8: oldboy9:x:1011:1011::/home/oldboy9: oldboy10:x:1012:1012::/home/oldboy10: root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell# #查看密码文件 root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#catpasswd.txt oldboy0Je28ZqTi oldboy1LcA5AX3u oldboy2QF36POh2 oldboy35BMoklFp oldboy418slv8fB oldboy58eIVWck3 oldboy6ZuWQcqjT oldboy7lSeahDHM oldboy8XvqBiFPA oldboy9VNc8fLZC oldboy10zdbruc2S
python实现
#encoding:utf-8 ''' #date:2017-8-26 #Author:XianWeifromChengDu #scripteFunction:createusersandsetitspasswordinbulk ''' importrandom importos importsys importsubprocess importrandom defget_passwd(n): passwdlist=[] seed="abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz" forjinxrange(n): passwdlist.append(random.choice(seed)) passwd="".join(passwdlist) returnpasswd defcreate_user(user): create_user_cmd='useradd%s'%user p=subprocess.Popen(args=create_user_cmd,shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE,stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,close_fds=True) returncode=p.wait() ifreturncode==0: print"useradd%ssuccussful"%user password=get_passwd(8) set_passwd_cmd='echo%s:%s|chpasswd'%(user,password) p2=subprocess.Popen(args=set_passwd_cmd,close_fds=True) returncode_p2=p2.wait() ifreturncode_p2==0: print"%ssetpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:%s"%(user,password) else: print"sorry,setpasswordFailed!" else: print"useraddFailed." sys.exit(1) defmain(): userlist=[] foriinxrange(1,11): userlist.append("oldgirl"+str(i)) foruserinuserlist: create_user(user) if__name__=="__main__": main()
测试
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#python3_create_user.pyuseraddoldgirl1succussful oldgirl1setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:qtcvheyq useraddoldgirl2succussful oldgirl2setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:wnaecfxu useraddoldgirl3succussful oldgirl3setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:wpxwtcvv useraddoldgirl4succussful oldgirl4setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:cpquxwzd useraddoldgirl5succussful dgirl5setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:gdtmttug useraddoldgirl6succussful oldgirl6setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:eznjdjow useraddoldgirl7succussful oldgirl7setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:eysxegpu useraddoldgirl8succussful oldgirl8setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:yhdkrdyb useraddoldgirl9succussful oldgirl9setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:omytwhdh useraddoldgirl10succussful oldgirl10setpasswordsuccussful.itspassword:zpenokqg root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell# root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#cat/etc/passwd|grepoldgirl oldgirl1:x:1013:1013::/home/oldgirl1: oldgirl2:x:1014:1014::/home/oldgirl2: oldgirl3:x:1015:1015::/home/oldgirl3: oldgirl4:x:1016:1016::/home/oldgirl4: oldgirl5:x:1017:1017::/home/oldgirl5: oldgirl6:x:1018:1018::/home/oldgirl6: oldgirl7:x:1019:1019::/home/oldgirl7: oldgirl8:x:1020:1020::/home/oldgirl8: oldgirl9:x:1021:1021::/home/oldgirl9: oldgirl10:x:1022:1022::/home/oldgirl10: root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#
面试题4：扫描网络内存活主机
#!/bin/bash
#Date:2017-8-26
#Author:XianWei
#checktheserverwhetherisalive
ippre='192.168.142.'
cmd='ping-c2'
for((i=0;i<=20;i++))
do
{
$cmd$ippre$i>/dev/null2&>1
if[$?-eq0]
then
echo"$ippre$iisok"
else
echo"$ippre$iisdown"
fi
}&#parallelprogress
done
wait#letparentprogresswaitallchildprogress
测试
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#time./4_ping_host.sh 192.168.142.0isdown 192.168.142.2isok 192.168.142.11isdown 192.168.142.20isdown 192.168.142.4isdown 192.168.142.12isdown 192.168.142.3isdown 192.168.142.9isdown 192.168.142.18isdown 192.168.142.5isdown 192.168.142.15isdown 192.168.142.13isdown 192.168.142.16isdown 192.168.142.17isdown 192.168.142.10isdown 192.168.142.14isdown 192.168.142.6isdown 192.168.142.19isdown 192.168.142.1isdown 192.168.142.7isdown 192.168.142.8isdown real0m11.229s user0m0.024s sys0m0.720s
python实现
#encoding:utf-8 ''' #date:2017-8-26 #Author:XianWeifromChengDu #scripteFunction:checkipwhetherisalivedinbulk ''' importrandom importos importsys importsubprocess importrandom importplatform importre fromthreadingimportThread fromQueueimportQueue importtime defcheck_ip(ipaddr): #函数用于检测IP地址合法性。来源：http://blog.csdn.net/jbxue123/article/details/23156011 addr=ipaddr.strip().split('.')#切割IP地址为一个列表 #printaddr iflen(addr)!=4:#切割后列表必须有4个参数 print"%s,ipaddressisillegal!"%ipaddr returnFalse foriinrange(4): try: addr[i]=int(addr[i])#每个参数必须为数字，否则校验失败 except: print"%s,ipaddressisillegal!"%ipaddr returnFalse ifaddr[i]<=255andaddr[i]>=0:#每个参数值必须在0-255之间 pass else: print"%s,ipaddressisillegal!"%ipaddr returnFalse #print"checkipaddresssuccess!" returnTrue defping_host(ip): ifcheck_ip(ip)==False:#检测IP合法性 sys.exit(1) platformOfSystem=platform.system()#根据平台，设置ping命令 if(platformOfSystem=="Windows"): cmd="ping-n2%s"%(ip) if(platformOfSystem=="Linux"): cmd="ping-c2%s"%(ip) res=os.popen(cmd) if(platform.system()=="Windows"): if(re.findall("Lost=2",res.read()).__len__()!=0): print"%sisdown."%ip else: print"%sisOK."%ip if(platform.system()=="Linux"): pingResult=re.findall("DestinationHostUnreachable",res.read()) if(pingResult.__len__()!=0): print"%sisdown."%ip else: print"%sisOK."%ip defmain(): print"mainthreadingwaiting......" ip_prefix="192.168.142."#设置ip列表 iplist=[] n=10 foriinxrange(1,n+1): iplist.append(ip_prefix+str(i)) tlist=[] foriinxrange(len(iplist)):#使用多线程ping t=Thread(target=ping_host,args=(iplist[i],))#将线程加入list tlist.append(t) forthreadintlist:#启动所有线程 thread.setDaemon(True) thread.start() forthreadintlist:#等待所有线程结束 thread.join() print"mainthreadingDone" if__name__=="__main__": main()
linux平台测试
root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#timepython4_ping_host.py mainthreadingwaiting...... 192.168.142.1isOK. 192.168.142.2isOK. 192.168.142.3isdown. 192.168.142.6isdown. 192.168.142.4isdown. 192.168.142.5isdown. 192.168.142.7isdown. 192.168.142.8isdown. 192.168.142.9isdown. 192.168.142.10isdown. mainthreadingDone real0m3.166s user0m0.100s sys0m0.296s root@vmUbu:/home/dell/shell#
windows平台测试
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\shell_to_python\0826>pythonchangename.py mainthreadingwaiting...... 192.168.142.1isOK. 192.168.142.3isdown. 192.168.142.6isdown. 192.168.142.9isdown. 192.168.142.4isdown. 192.168.142.7isdown. 192.168.142.8isdown. 192.168.142.5isdown. 192.168.142.2isOK.192.168.142.10isdown. mainthreadingDone
面试题10：比较两个数大小
要求：输入两个数，比较大小并输出结果
#!/bin/bash #Date:2017-8-27 #Author:XianWei #作用:输入两个数，比较大小并输出结果 #判断输入的是否为数字 functionjudgenum() { if[$1-gt-99999999]>/dev/null2>&1 #与一个很小的数比较 then echo-n else echo"Error,Pleaseinputanumber" exit fi } read-p"Pleaseinputthefirstnumber:"num1 judgenum$num1 read-p"Pleaseinputthesecondnumber:"num2 judgenum$num2 letres=$num1-$num2 echo$res [$res-gt0]&&echo"$num1>$num2" [$res-lt0]&&echo"$num1<$num2" [$res-eq0]&&echo"$num1=$num2"
测试
dell@vmUbu:~/shell$bashjudgenum.sh Pleaseinputthefirstnumber:1 Pleaseinputthesecondnumber:b Error,Pleaseinputanumber dell@vmUbu:~/shell$bashjudgenum.sh Pleaseinputthefirstnumber:a Error,Pleaseinputanumber dell@vmUbu:~/shell$ dell@vmUbu:~/shell$ dell@vmUbu:~/shell$ dell@vmUbu:~/shell$bashjudgenum.sh Pleaseinputthefirstnumber:2 Pleaseinputthesecondnumber:2 2=2 dell@vmUbu:~/shell$bashjudgenum.sh Pleaseinputthefirstnumber:2 Pleaseinputthesecondnumber:3 2<3 dell@vmUbu:~/shell$bashjudgenum.sh Pleaseinputthefirstnumber:2 Pleaseinputthesecondnumber:1 2>1 dell@vmUbu:~/shell$
知识点
1）如何判断输入的是一个整数。除了本例中的方法还可以使用expr,比如expr num + 1,如果返回值$?为0表示输入的是一个数。否则不是一个数，返回错误并退出
使用Python实现
#encoding:utf-8 importsys num1=raw_input() try: num1=int(num1) except: print"Error,pleaseinputanumber." sys.exit(2) num2=raw_input() try: num2=int(num2) except: print"Error,pleaseinputanumber." sys.exit(2) if(num1>num2): print"%d>%d"%(num1,num2) else: if(num1<num2): print"%d<%d"%(num1,num2) else: print"%d=%d"%(num1,num2)
未完待续.......
